Resveratrol

Last Updated: March 7, 2024

Resveratrol is a bioactive molecule found in plant sources such as grapes, peanuts, blueberries, and, famously, red wine. Resveratrol has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that benefit cardiovascular function, glycemic control, and lipid metabolism. Although it’s promoted for lifespan extension, there’s no evidence for this in humans and limited evidence in animals.

Resveratrol is most often used for

What is resveratrol?

Resveratrol is a compound in plants such as grapes, peanuts, and blueberries. It’s popularly known for its presence in red wine — which is also used as a possible explanation for the phenomenon called the “French Paradox”, which refers to the low incidence of cardiovascular disease among the French population despite their high intake of dietary fat. This low disease incidence was thought to be attributed to their intake of red wine.[3]

What are resveratrol’s main benefits?

Resveratrol is best known for its cardiovascular health benefits. In humans, resveratrol improves endothelial function[4][5] and may have a blood-pressure-lowering effect in some populations.[6][7][8] In vitro, resveratrol protects against atherosclerosis.[9][10][11]

In adults with type 2 diabetes, resveratrol improves fasting glucose, HbA1c, and insulin sensitivity but doesn’t appear to benefit adults without the disease.[7][12][13] Resveratrol consistently reduces the inflammatory cytokines C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-alpha.[14][15]

Despite the plausibility of resveratrol’s potential effects on blood lipids and body composition, resveratrol doesn’t appear to improve blood lipids in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)[16][17][18] or body composition in adults with cardiometabolic conditions.[6]

What are resveratrol’s main drawbacks?

Resveratrol has poor bioavailability due to its rapid and extensive metabolism.[19][20]

Human studies suggest resveratrol can be supplemented at dosages up to 5 grams daily with few to no side effects outside of some intestinal upset and nausea.[1][2]

Resveratrol doses of 1,000 mg/day or more may interfere with the biological effects of commonly administered drugs by inhibiting cytochrome p450 isoenzymes. For example, resveratrol inhibits enzymes that play a role in the metabolism of statins, calcium channel blockers, immunosuppressants, antifungals, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), anticoagulants, beta-blockers, antidepressants, opioid analgesics, and antihistamines, among others.[21] If you take any medication, consult your doctor before supplementing with resveratrol, no matter the dose.

How does resveratrol work?

The cardioprotective effects of resveratrol are primarily due to its ability to protect cells against oxidative damage by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting their production. Resveratrol also increases antioxidant levels[22] and inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6).[23][24][25] Resveratrol also appears to have anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertrophic effects in the heart[26][27] and may improve mitochondrial biogenesis and function.[28][29]

Regarding its lipid-lowering and glucose-lowering effects, resveratrol activates the metabolic regulators AMPK and Sirt1, thereby improving lipid metabolism and fat accumulation in the liver[18] and increasing glucose uptake into skeletal muscle (i.e., improving insulin sensitivity) — explaining resveratrol’s potential to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes, and related conditions.

What else is Resveratrol known as?
Note that Resveratrol is also known as:
  • Red Wine Extract
  • 3 5 4'-trihydroxystilbene
  • “The red wine molecule”
Dosage information

The therapeutic dose of resveratrol ranges from 8.1 mg per day to 3,000 mg per day.

Studies in humans suggest resveratrol can be supplemented at dosages up to 5 grams (5,000 mg) daily with few to no side effects outside of some intestinal upset and nausea.[1][2]

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Update History
11 days ago

Large FAQ and database update

major

We modified the FAQs on reseratrol's main drawbacks, how resveratrol works, and added FAQs about longevity and red wine. Additionally we added about 60 new studies to the database. The take-home messages remain largely consistent with what we previously knew about this topic.

References
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  5. ^Akbari M, Tamtaji OR, Lankarani KB, Tabrizi R, Dadgostar E, Kolahdooz F, Jamilian M, Mirzaei H, Asemi ZThe Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Blood Pressures Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev.(2019-Aug)
  6. ^Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh, Ahmad Jayedi, Sakineh Shab-BidarThe effects of resveratrol supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trialsAm J Clin Nutr.(2021 Nov 8)
  7. ^Abdelhaleem IA, Brakat AM, Adayel HM, Asla MM, Rizk MA, Aboalfetoh AYThe effects of resveratrol on glycemic control and cardiometabolic parameters in patients with T2DM: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Med Clin (Barc).(2022-Jun-24)
  8. ^Samuel R Weaver, Catarina Rendeiro, Helen M McGettrick, Andrew Philp, Samuel J E LucasFine wine or sour grapes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of red wine polyphenols on vascular healthEur J Nutr.(2021 Feb)
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  13. ^Liu K, Zhou R, Wang B, Mi MTEffect of resveratrol on glucose control and insulin sensitivity: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials.Am J Clin Nutr.(2014-Jun)
  14. ^Armita Mahdavi Gorabi, Saeed Aslani, Danyal Imani, Bahman Razi, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Amirhossein SahebkarEffect of resveratrol on C-reactive protein: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsPhytother Res.(2021 Dec)
  15. ^Melodi Omraninava, Bahman Razi, Saeed Aslani, Danyal Imani, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein SahebkarEffect of resveratrol on inflammatory cytokines: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsEur J Pharmacol.(2021 Oct 5)
  16. ^Karolina Jakubczyk, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Justyna Kałduńska, Ewa Stachowska, Izabela Gutowska, Katarzyna JandaEffects of Resveratrol Supplementation in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-A Meta-AnalysisNutrients.(2020 Aug 13)
  17. ^Sahar Rafiee, Hamed Mohammadi, Abed Ghavami, Erfan Sadeghi, Zahra Safari, Gholamreza AskariEfficacy of resveratrol supplementation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trialsComplement Ther Clin Pract.(2020 Dec 4)
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  28. ^Csiszar A, Labinskyy N, Pinto JT, Ballabh P, Zhang H, Losonczy G, Pearson K, de Cabo R, Pacher P, Zhang C, Ungvari ZResveratrol induces mitochondrial biogenesis in endothelial cells.Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol.(2009-Jul)
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Examine Database References
  1. Blood Flow - Magyar K, Halmosi R, Palfi A, Feher G, Czopf L, Fulop A, Battyany I, Sumegi B, Toth K, Szabados ECardioprotection by resveratrol: A human clinical trial in patients with stable coronary artery diseaseClin Hemorheol Microcirc.(2012 Jan 1)
  2. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Maryam Akbari, Omid Reza Tamtaji, Kamran B Lankarani, Reza Tabrizi, Ehsan Dadgostar, Neda Haghighat, Fariba Kolahdooz, Amir Ghaderi, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Zatollah AsemiThe effects of resveratrol on lipid profiles and liver enzymes in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsLipids Health Dis.(2020 Feb 17)
  3. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Consolato Sergi, Bonnie Chiu, Joseph Feulefack, Fan Shen, Brian ChiuUsefulness of resveratrol supplementation in decreasing cardiometabolic risk factors comparing subjects with metabolic syndrome and healthy subjects with or without obesity: meta-analysis using multinational, randomised, controlled trialsArch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis.(2020 May 30)
  4. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - Sahebkar AEffects of resveratrol supplementation on plasma lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutr Rev.(2013-Dec)
  5. Total cholesterol - Abdelhaleem IA, Brakat AM, Adayel HM, Asla MM, Rizk MA, Aboalfetoh AYThe effects of resveratrol on glycemic control and cardiometabolic parameters in patients with T2DM: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Med Clin (Barc).(2022-Jun-24)
  6. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Haghighatdoost F, Hariri MCan resveratrol supplement change inflammatory mediators? A systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials.Eur J Clin Nutr.(2019-Mar)
  7. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Custodero C, Mankowski RT, Lee SA, Chen Z, Wu S, Manini TM, Hincapie Echeverri J, Sabbà C, Beavers DP, Cauley JA, Espeland MA, Fielding RA, Kritchevsky SB, Liu CK, McDermott MM, Miller ME, Tracy RP, Newman AB, Ambrosius WT, Pahor M, Anton SDEvidence-based nutritional and pharmacological interventions targeting chronic low-grade inflammation in middle-age and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Ageing Res Rev.(2018-Sep)
  8. Interleukin 6 - Melodi Omraninava, Bahman Razi, Saeed Aslani, Danyal Imani, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein SahebkarEffect of resveratrol on inflammatory cytokines: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsEur J Pharmacol.(2021 Oct 5)
  9. Endothelial Function - Mohammadipoor N, Shafiee F, Rostami A, Kahrizi MS, Soleimanpour H, Ghodsi M, Ansari MJ, Bokov DO, Jannat B, Mosharkesh E, Pour Abbasi MSResveratrol supplementation efficiently improves endothelial health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Phytother Res.(2022-Sep)
  10. DNA methylation - Zhu W, Qin W, Zhang K, Rottinghaus GE, Chen YC, Kliethermes B, Sauter ERTrans-resveratrol alters mammary promoter hypermethylation in women at increased risk for breast cancerNutr Cancer.(2012 Apr)
  11. Fatigue Symptoms - Kennedy DO, Wightman EL, Reay JL, Lietz G, Okello EJ, Wilde A, Haskell CFEffects of resveratrol on cerebral blood flow variables and cognitive performance in humans: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover investigationAm J Clin Nutr.(2010 Jun)
  12. General Oxidation - Brasnyó P, Molnár GA, Mohás M, Markó L, Laczy B, Cseh J, Mikolás E, Szijártó IA, Mérei A, Halmai R, Mészáros LG, Sümegi B, Wittmann IResveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patientsBr J Nutr.(2011 Aug)
  13. Glycemic Control - Crandall JP, Oram V, Trandafirescu G, Reid M, Kishore P, Hawkins M, Cohen HW, Barzilai NPilot Study of Resveratrol in Older Adults With Impaired Glucose ToleranceJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.(2012 Jan 4)
  14. Superoxide Dismutase Activity - Omidian M, Abdolahi M, Daneshzad E, Sedighiyan M, Aghasi M, Abdollahi H, Omidian P, Dabiri S, Mahmoudi MThe Effects of Resveratrol on Oxidative Stress Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets.(2020)
  15. Superoxide Dismutase Activity - Koushki M, Lakzaei M, Khodabandehloo H, Hosseini H, Meshkani R, Panahi GTherapeutic effect of resveratrol supplementation on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Postgrad Med J.(2020-Apr)
  16. Superoxide Dismutase Activity - Tabrizi R, Tamtaji OR, Lankarani KB, Mirhosseini N, Akbari M, Dadgostar E, Peymani P, Asemi ZThe effects of resveratrol supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Food Funct.(2018-Dec-13)
  17. Fasting Glucose - Zhu X, Wu C, Qiu S, Yuan X, Li LEffects of resveratrol on glucose control and insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutr Metab (Lond).(2017)
  18. Fasting Glucose - Raimundo AF, Félix F, Andrade R, García-Conesa MT, González-Sarrías A, Gilsa-Lopes J, do Ó D, Raimundo A, Ribeiro R, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Santos CN, Schär M, Silva A, Cruz I, Wang B, Pinto P, Menezes RCombined effect of interventions with pure or enriched mixtures of (poly)phenols and anti-diabetic medication in type 2 diabetes management: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled human trials.Eur J Nutr.(2020-Jun)
  19. Fasting Glucose - Felipe Mendes Delpino, Lílian Munhoz FigueiredoResveratrol supplementation and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysisCrit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2021 Jan 22)
  20. Fasting Glucose - García-Martínez BI, Ruiz-Ramos M, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Santiago-Osorio E, Mendoza-Núñez VMInfluence of Age and Dose on the Effect of Resveratrol for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Molecules.(2022-Aug-16)
  21. Fasting Glucose - Hausenblas HA, Schoulda JA, Smoliga JMResveratrol treatment as an adjunct to pharmacological management in type 2 diabetes mellitus--systematic review and meta-analysis.Mol Nutr Food Res.(2015-Jan)
  22. Fasting Glucose - Gu W, Geng J, Zhao H, Li X, Song GEffects of Resveratrol on Metabolic Indicators in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Int J Clin Pract.(2022)
  23. Fasting Glucose - Guo XF, Li JM, Tang J, Li DEffects of resveratrol supplementation on risk factors of non-communicable diseases: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2018)
  24. Fasting Glucose - Sahar Rafiee, Hamed Mohammadi, Abed Ghavami, Erfan Sadeghi, Zahra Safari, Gholamreza AskariEfficacy of resveratrol supplementation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trialsComplement Ther Clin Pract.(2020 Dec 4)
  25. Fasting Glucose - Liu K, Zhou R, Wang B, Mi MTEffect of resveratrol on glucose control and insulin sensitivity: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials.Am J Clin Nutr.(2014-Jun)
  26. Fasting Glucose - Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh, Ahmad Jayedi, Sakineh Shab-BidarThe effects of resveratrol supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trialsAm J Clin Nutr.(2021 Nov 8)
  27. Total cholesterol - Zhao H, Song A, Zhang Y, Shu L, Song G, Ma HEffect of Resveratrol on Blood Lipid Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity (Silver Spring).(2019-Jan)
  28. Total cholesterol - Cao X, Liao W, Xia H, Wang S, Sun GThe Effect of Resveratrol on Blood Lipid Profile: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients.(2022-Sep-11)
  29. Blood Pressure - Samuel R Weaver, Catarina Rendeiro, Helen M McGettrick, Andrew Philp, Samuel J E LucasFine wine or sour grapes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of red wine polyphenols on vascular healthEur J Nutr.(2021 Feb)
  30. Blood Pressure - Lipert A, Szadkowska I, Matusiak-Wieczorek E, Kochan EThe Effect of Herbal Supplements on Blood Pressure: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Antioxidants (Basel).(2022-Jul-22)
  31. Blood Pressure - Liu Y, Ma W, Zhang P, He S, Huang DEffect of resveratrol on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clin Nutr.(2015-Feb)
  32. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Koushki M, Dashatan NA, Meshkani REffect of Resveratrol Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Clin Ther.(2018-Jul)
  33. Weight - Mousavi SM, Milajerdi A, Sheikhi A, Kord-Varkaneh H, Feinle-Bisset C, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh AResveratrol supplementation significantly influences obesity measures: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Obes Rev.(2019-Mar)
  34. Processing Speed - Marx W, Kelly JT, Marshall S, Cutajar J, Annois B, Pipingas A, Tierney A, Itsiopoulos CEffect of resveratrol supplementation on cognitive performance and mood in adults: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutr Rev.(2018-Jun-01)
  35. Creatinine - Abdollahi S, Vajdi M, Meshkini F, Vasmehjani AA, Sangsefidi ZS, Clark CCT, Soltani SResveratrol may mildly improve renal function in the general adult population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Nutr Res.(2023-May)
  36. Adiponectin - Mohammadi-Sartang M, Mazloom Z, Sohrabi Z, Sherafatmanesh S, Barati-Boldaji RResveratrol supplementation and plasma adipokines concentrations? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Pharmacol Res.(2017-Mar)
  37. Triglycerides - Timmers S, Konings E, Bilet L, Houtkooper RH, van de Weijer T, Goossens GH, Hoeks J, van der Krieken S, Ryu D, Kersten S, Moonen-Kornips E, Hesselink MK, Kunz I, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Blaak EE, Auwerx J, Schrauwen PCalorie restriction-like effects of 30 days of resveratrol supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic profile in obese humansCell Metab.(2011 Nov 2)
  38. Triglycerides - Huang H, Chen G, Liao D, Zhu Y, Pu R, Xue XThe effects of resveratrol intervention on risk markers of cardiovascular health in overweight and obese subjects: a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials.Obes Rev.(2016-Dec)
  39. Liver Enzymes - Darand M, Farrokhzad A, Ghavami A, Hadi A, Karimi E, Fadel A, Askari GEffects of resveratrol supplementation on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Int J Clin Pract.(2021-Mar)
  40. Exercise Adaptations - Lasse Gliemann, Jakob Friis Schmidt, Jesper Olesen, Rasmus Sjørup Biensø, Sebastian Louis Peronard, Simon Udsen Grandjean, Stefan Peter Mortensen, Michael Nyberg, Jens Bangsbo, Henriette Pilegaard and Ylva HellstenResveratrol Blunts the Positive Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiovascular Health in Aged MenThe Journal of Physiology.()
  41. Endothelial Function - Akbari M, Tamtaji OR, Lankarani KB, Tabrizi R, Dadgostar E, Kolahdooz F, Jamilian M, Mirzaei H, Asemi ZThe Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Blood Pressures Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev.(2019-Aug)
  42. Fat Oxidation - Scribbans TD, Ma JK, Edgett BA, Vorobej KA, Mitchell AS, Zelt JG, Simpson CA, Quadrilatero J, Gurd BJResveratrol supplementation does not augment performance adaptations or fibre-type-specific responses to high-intensity interval training in humansAppl Physiol Nutr Metab.(2014 Nov)
  43. Acne Symptoms - Gabriella Fabbrocini, Stefania Staibano, Giuseppe De Rosa, Valeria Battimiello, Nunzio Fardella, Gennaro Ilardi, Maria Immacolata La Rotonda, Amelia Longobardi, Marialuisa Mazzella, Maria Siano, Francesco Pastore, Valerio De Vita, Maria Luisa Vecchione, Fabio AyalaResveratrol-containing gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris: a single-blind, vehicle-controlled, pilot studyAm J Clin Dermatol.(2011 Apr 1)
  44. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Armita Mahdavi Gorabi, Saeed Aslani, Danyal Imani, Bahman Razi, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Amirhossein SahebkarEffect of resveratrol on C-reactive protein: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsPhytother Res.(2021 Dec)
  45. Total cholesterol - Qian Zhou, Yanmei Wang, Xuke Han, Shunlian Fu, Chan Zhu, Qiu ChenEfficacy of Resveratrol Supplementation on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic ReviewFront Physiol.(2022 Mar 31)
  46. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptoms - Joanna Giang, Xiao Lan, Megan Crichton, Wolfgang Marx, Skye MarshallEfficacy and safety of biophenol-rich nutraceuticals in adults with inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases or irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic literature review and meta-analysisNutr Diet.(2021 May 7)
  47. Liver Enzymes - Jingwen Zhou, Yidi Chen, Jun Yu, Tianci Li, Ziyu Lu, Yan Chen, Xiaolong Zhang, Fang YeThe efficacy of novel metabolic targeted agents and natural plant drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease treatment: A PRISMA-compliant network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsMedicine (Baltimore).(2021 Mar 26)
  48. Liver Enzymes - Karolina Jakubczyk, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Justyna Kałduńska, Ewa Stachowska, Izabela Gutowska, Katarzyna JandaEffects of Resveratrol Supplementation in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-A Meta-AnalysisNutrients.(2020 Aug 13)
  49. Liver Enzymes - Kailin Yang, Junpeng Chen, Tianqing Zhang, Xiao Yuan, Anqi Ge, Shanshan Wang, Hao Xu, Liuting Zeng, Jinwen GeEfficacy and safety of dietary polyphenol supplementation in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysisFront Immunol.(2022 Sep 9)
  50. Liver Enzymes - Zhang C, Yuan W, Fang J, Wang W, He P, Lei J, Wang CEfficacy of Resveratrol Supplementation against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials.PLoS One.(2016)
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