Prostate Cancer Risk
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Human Effect Matrix
The Human Effect Matrix looks at human studies (it excludes animal and in vitro studies) to tell you what supplements affect prostate cancer risk.
| Grade | Level of Evidence [show legend] |
|---|---|
|
Robust research conducted with repeated double-blind clinical trials |
|
Multiple studies where at least two are double-blind and placebo controlled |
|
Single double-blind study or multiple cohort studies |
|
Uncontrolled or observational studies only |
|
Level of Evidence
?
The amount of high quality evidence. The more
evidence, the more we can trust the results.
|
Supplement |
Magnitude of effect
?
The direction and size of the supplement's impact on
each outcome. Some supplements can have an increasing effect, others have a decreasing effect, and others have no effect.
|
Consistency of research results
?
Scientific research does not always agree. HIGH or
VERY HIGH means that most of the scientific research agrees.
|
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Minor
|
- See study |
A small decrease in prostate cancer risk is seen when comparing areas with high soil selenium (indicative of dietary intake of selenium) against areas with low soil selenium.
|
|
|
|
 
Minor
|
- See all 4 studies |
Low doses of vitamin E (50mg) in smokers has been associated with significant decreases in prostate cancer risk, whereas moderate doses (400IU) of vitamin E in otherwise healthy older men is associated with a mild but significant increase in prostate cancer risk.
|
|
|
|
Minor
|
Very High See 2 studies |
Appears to be associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer in one study, but another study failed to find clinical implications in people with prostate cancer in remission.
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