Resveratrol is a compound in plants such as grapes, peanuts, and blueberries. It’s popularly known for its presence in red wine — which is also used as a possible explanation for the phenomenon called the “French Paradox”, which refers to the low incidence of <a href="/conditions/cardiovascular-disease/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Cardiovascular Disease&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a broad term that refers to various diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) is the most common subtype of CVD and causes strokes and heart attacks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">cardiovascular disease</a> among the French population despite their high intake of dietary fat. This low disease incidence was thought to be attributed to their intake of red wine.<a href="#ref-3" id="ref-link-3" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Lippi G, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20391297" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Moderate red wine consumption and cardiovascular disease risk: beyond the &amp;quot;French paradox&amp;quot;.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Semin Thromb Hemost (2010-Feb)&lt;/div&gt;'>[3]</a>

What is resveratrol?

In humans, the answer is, unfortunately, “we don’t know.”
However, a <a href="/glossary/meta-analysis/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Meta-analysis&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;A meta-analysis is usually produced as part of a systematic review. It combines the numerical results from several studies into an average number. Studies that differ too much in design cannot be properly meta-analyzed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">meta-analysis</a> of 19 studies on species including yeast, nematode worms, mice, fruit flies, and fish indicated that resveratrol reduced the risk of death. Specifically, the risk of death during the average lifespan was around 49%–60% lower for worms, yeast, and killifish who were treated with resveratrol — fruit flies and mice didn’t seem to obtain a lifespan benefit.<a href="#ref-30" id="ref-link-30" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Katie L Hector, Malgorzata Lagisz, Shinichi Nakagawa. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22718956" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;The effect of resveratrol on longevity across species: a meta-analysis
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Biol Lett (2012 Oct 23)&lt;/div&gt;'>[30]</a>
The longevity-promoting effects of resveratrol are often attributed to its ability to induce cells to clear out their dysfunctional components and proteins — a process known as autophagy — and reduce oxidative stress.<a href="#ref-31" id="ref-link-31" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Zhou DD, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34336123" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Effects and Mechanisms of Resveratrol on Aging and Age-Related Diseases.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Oxid Med Cell Longev (2021)&lt;/div&gt;'>[31]</a> Resveratrol also seems to prevent age-related declines in neurocognitive function and physical capacity, which may contribute to a lower incidence of aging-associated diseases and extend the healthy lifespan (also known as “healthspan”).
In rodents, resveratrol protects against neurodegenerative diseases such as <a href="/conditions/alzheimers-disease/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Alzheimer’s Disease&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs cognitive function, especially memory formation. It is the most common type of dementia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">Alzheimer’s disease</a>, Parkinson’s disease, and <a href="/conditions/dementia/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Dementia&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dementia is a term that refers to a decline in cognitive function that interferes with daily life. Dementia can affect language, memory, visual perception, problem-solving, and focus. People with dementia may lose their ability to do everyday activities, including bathing, dressing, eating, and using the bathroom.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">dementia</a>, against the age-related decline in muscle mass and strength known as <a href="/conditions/sarcopenia/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Sarcopenia&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength. It arises as a consequence of aging or is caused by factors like disease, physical inactivity, or inadequate nutrition. Resistance training and a high-protein diet are the primary treatments for sarcopenia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">sarcopenia</a>, and against cancer, <a href="/conditions/infertility/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Infertility&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Infertility is usually defined as the inability to have a pregnancy that does not result in stillbirth or miscarriage after trying for at least one year.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">infertility</a>, and <a href="/conditions/osteoporosis/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Osteoporosis&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Osteoporosis is a condition of having weak and brittle bones. The main goal for people with osteoporosis is to prevent bone fractures by strengthening the bones and by avoiding falls.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">osteoporosis</a>. Thus, although resveratrol seems promising for preventing diseases associated with aging in animals, its effects on healthspan and lifespan will need to be verified in randomized controlled studies of humans.<a href="#ref-31" id="ref-link-31" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Zhou DD, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34336123" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Effects and Mechanisms of Resveratrol on Aging and Age-Related Diseases.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Oxid Med Cell Longev (2021)&lt;/div&gt;'>[31]</a>

Does resveratrol promote longevity?

Although moderate <a href="/supplements/alcohol/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Alcohol&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alcohol is one of the world’s favorite intoxicants. It is frequently found at social gatherings because it provides an anxiety-reducing effect. Consuming too much alcohol will result in alcohol poisoning, which can be fatal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">alcohol</a> consumption has been associated with a lower risk of certain diseases, the safest amount of alcohol for most people is probably close to zero. 
That being said, alcohol — particularly wine — may contain some healthy compounds, with resveratrol being the most widely known. Wine’s resveratrol content has been used to support observations such as the “French paradox” — the observation that the French have a lower cardiovascular mortality rate compared to other countries despite their high intake of saturated fats.<a href="#ref-32" id="ref-link-32" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;St Leger AS, Cochrane AL, Moore F. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/86728" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Factors associated with cardiac mortality in developed countries with particular reference to the consumption of wine.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Lancet (1979-May-12)&lt;/div&gt;'>[32]</a>
Indeed, red wine comprises many phenolic compounds, including <a href="/foods/flavonoids/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Flavonoids&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Flavonoids are a group of antioxidant plant compounds that include flavonols, isoflavones, and anthocyanins. They can be found in many colorful fruits and vegetables as well as wine, tea, and chocolate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">flavonoids</a> (<a href="/supplements/flavonols/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Flavonols&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Flavonols (not to be confused with Flavanols) are plant compounds that are part of the flavonoids family and are found in many colorful fruits and vegetables as well as wine, tea, and chocolate. Flavonols may provide several health benefits due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">flavonols</a>, flavones, and anthocyanidins) and non-flavonoid compounds (hydroxycinnamic acids, stilbenes such as resveratrol, and tannins),<a href="#ref-33" id="ref-link-33" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Stockley C, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22728778" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Bioavailability of wine-derived phenolic compounds in humans: a review.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Food Funct (2012-Oct)&lt;/div&gt;'>[33]</a> all of which exert biological effects.
But what’s the link between wine consumption per se and various diseases? Some observational evidence has found that wine drinking is associated with protection from <a href="/conditions/ischemic-heart-disease/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Ischemic Heart Disease&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ischemic heart disease, also known as coronary heart disease, refers to heart problems that are caused by a narrowing or obstruction of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">ischemic heart disease</a> and cardiovascular complications in people who previously suffered a heart attack.<a href="#ref-34" id="ref-link-34" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Klatsky AL, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12965884" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Wine, liquor, beer, and mortality.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Am J Epidemiol (2003-Sep-15)&lt;/div&gt;'>[34]</a><a href="#ref-35" id="ref-link-35" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;de Lorgeril M, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12234949" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Wine drinking and risks of cardiovascular complications after recent acute myocardial infarction.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Circulation (2002-Sep-17)&lt;/div&gt;'>[35]</a> Moderate wine consumption has also been associated with reduced CVD mortality,<a href="#ref-36" id="ref-link-36" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Renaud SC, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15321801" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Moderate wine drinkers have lower hypertension-related mortality: a prospective cohort study in French men.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Am J Clin Nutr (2004-Sep)&lt;/div&gt;'>[36]</a><a href="#ref-37" id="ref-link-37" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;M Grønbaek, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10975958" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Type of alcohol consumed and mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, and cancer
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Ann Intern Med (2000 Sep 19)&lt;/div&gt;'>[37]</a> <a href="/conditions/type-2-diabetes/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Type 2 Diabetes&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease in which blood glucose levels are too high. It is characterized by insulin resistance in muscle, fat, and pancreas cells and an inability of the pancreas to manufacture enough insulin to control blood glucose levels. T2D is strongly associated with excess body fat, and weight loss induced by lifestyle changes is extremely effective for treating T2D.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">type 2 diabetes</a>,<a href="#ref-38" id="ref-link-38" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Beulens JW, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22353562" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in European men and women: influence of beverage type and body size The EPIC-InterAct study.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;J Intern Med (2012-Oct)&lt;/div&gt;'>[38]</a> and <a href="/outcomes/all-cause-mortality/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;All-Cause Mortality&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;All-cause mortality is a term used in epidemiology to refer to death from all causes for a population during a specified time period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">all-cause mortality</a>. 
However, wine consumption is also associated with a higher socioeconomic status, healthier behaviors, and fewer risk factors for other illnesses — confounding factors that may explain part of the apparently beneficial effects of wine consumption.<a href="#ref-39" id="ref-link-39" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Klatsky AL, Armstrong MA, Kipp H. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2265288" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Correlates of alcoholic beverage preference: traits of persons who choose wine, liquor or beer.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Br J Addict (1990-Oct)&lt;/div&gt;'>[39]</a> In other words, wine drinkers may be healthier, but it might not be because of the wine.
Finally, the bioavailability of resveratrol from red wine is extremely low. Only trace amounts of free trans-resveratrol were observed in blood samples taken 30 minutes after drinking wine with or without a low-fat or high-fat meal. Rather, the resveratrol metabolites 3-glucuronide and 4′-glucuronide predominated, raising doubts about the bioavailability of resveratrol and its effects on health in humans.<a href="#ref-40" id="ref-link-40" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Vitaglione P, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15830336" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Bioavailability of trans-resveratrol from red wine in humans.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Mol Nutr Food Res (2005-May)&lt;/div&gt;'>[40]</a>
So, will drinking wine help you live longer? Probably not, but enjoying a glass or two with dinner doesn’t seem to be harmful to your health. Drink responsibly if you choose to do so.

Is red wine healthy?

Resveratrol is best known for its cardiovascular health benefits. In humans, resveratrol improves <a href="/outcomes/endothelial-function/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Endothelial Function&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Endothelial function (vasoreactivity) tends to refer to the reactivity of blood vessels to dilate or contract upon demand, and is associated with blood flow and arterial calcification. Improved vasoreactivity is associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular incidents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">endothelial function</a><a href="#ref-4" id="ref-link-4" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Mohammadipoor N, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35833325" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Resveratrol supplementation efficiently improves endothelial health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Phytother Res (2022-Sep)&lt;/div&gt;'>[4]</a><a href="#ref-5" id="ref-link-5" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Akbari M, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31264084" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;The Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Blood Pressures Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev (2019-Aug)&lt;/div&gt;'>[5]</a> and may have a blood-pressure-lowering effect in some populations.<a href="#ref-6" id="ref-link-6" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh, Ahmad Jayedi, Sakineh Shab-Bidar. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34320173" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;The effects of resveratrol supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Am J Clin Nutr (2021 Nov 8)&lt;/div&gt;'>[6]</a><a href="#ref-7" id="ref-link-7" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Abdelhaleem IA, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34666902" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;The effects of resveratrol on glycemic control and cardiometabolic parameters in patients with T2DM: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Med Clin (Barc) (2022-Jun-24)&lt;/div&gt;'>[7]</a><a href="#ref-8" id="ref-link-8" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Samuel R Weaver, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32303823" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Fine wine or sour grapes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of red wine polyphenols on vascular health
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Eur J Nutr (2021 Feb)&lt;/div&gt;'>[8]</a> <a href="/glossary/in-vitro-study/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;In Vitro Study&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In vitro&lt;/em&gt; (Latin for “within the glass”) refers to studies that are performed outside of a living organism. In scientific research, this often involves performing experiments on bacterial, animal, or human cells growing in lab culture dishes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">In vitro</a>, resveratrol protects against <a href="/conditions/atherosclerosis/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Atherosclerosis&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Atherosclerosis is the buildup of lipid-rich plaque on arteries’ interior lining. While symptomless early on, it can lead to artery blockage and increased clot formation, which can cause a wide range of serious diseases, most commonly coronary heart disease and stroke. Lifestyle factors, such as poor diet, little exercise, and smoking, can be integral in the progression of atherosclerosis and its associated diseases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">atherosclerosis</a>.<a href="#ref-9" id="ref-link-9" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Kao CL, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20644332" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Resveratrol protects human endothelium from H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress and senescence via SirT1 activation.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;J Atheroscler Thromb (2010-Sep-30)&lt;/div&gt;'>[9]</a><a href="#ref-10" id="ref-link-10" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Zou J, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11775553" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Effects of resveratrol on oxidative modification of human low density lipoprotein.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Chin Med J (Engl) (2000-Feb)&lt;/div&gt;'>[10]</a><a href="#ref-11" id="ref-link-11" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Zou JG, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10410255" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Resveratrol inhibits copper ion-induced and azo compound-initiated oxidative modification of human low density lipoprotein.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Biochem Mol Biol Int (1999-Jun)&lt;/div&gt;'>[11]</a>
In adults with <a href="/conditions/type-2-diabetes/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Type 2 Diabetes&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease in which blood glucose levels are too high. It is characterized by insulin resistance in muscle, fat, and pancreas cells and an inability of the pancreas to manufacture enough insulin to control blood glucose levels. T2D is strongly associated with excess body fat, and weight loss induced by lifestyle changes is extremely effective for treating T2D.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">type 2 diabetes</a>, resveratrol improves <a href="/outcomes/fasting-glucose/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Fasting Glucose&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fasting glucose is the concentration of glucose in the blood after a period of fasting, typically overnight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">fasting glucose</a>, <a href="/outcomes/hba1c/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;HbA1c&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) is a biomarker of glucose metabolism — it reflects glucose levels over months. Higher HbA1c is associated with more disease progression and comorbidities in states of insulin resistance or diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">HbA1c</a>, and insulin sensitivity but doesn’t appear to benefit adults without the disease.<a href="#ref-7" id="ref-link-7" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Abdelhaleem IA, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34666902" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;The effects of resveratrol on glycemic control and cardiometabolic parameters in patients with T2DM: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Med Clin (Barc) (2022-Jun-24)&lt;/div&gt;'>[7]</a><a href="#ref-12" id="ref-link-12" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;García-Martínez BI, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36014469" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Influence of Age and Dose on the Effect of Resveratrol for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Molecules (2022-Aug-16)&lt;/div&gt;'>[12]</a><a href="#ref-13" id="ref-link-13" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Liu K, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24695890" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Effect of resveratrol on glucose control and insulin sensitivity: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Am J Clin Nutr (2014-Jun)&lt;/div&gt;'>[13]</a> Resveratrol consistently reduces the inflammatory cytokines <a href="/outcomes/c-reactive-protein/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;C-Reactive Protein (CRP)&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;C-Reactive protein is a biomarker of systemic inflammation. It's often used as a marker of cardiovascular disease risk, although it doesn't necessarily contribute directly to cardiovascular conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">C-reactive protein</a> (CRP) and <a href="/outcomes/tnf-alpha/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;TNF-Alpha&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is used as a marker of inflammation. Its reduction is thought to reflect a lesser state of inflammation in the body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">TNF-alpha</a>.<a href="#ref-14" id="ref-link-14" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Armita Mahdavi Gorabi, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34472150" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Effect of resveratrol on C-reactive protein: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Phytother Res (2021 Dec)&lt;/div&gt;'>[14]</a><a href="#ref-15" id="ref-link-15" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Melodi Omraninava, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34303665" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Effect of resveratrol on inflammatory cytokines: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Eur J Pharmacol (2021 Oct 5)&lt;/div&gt;'>[15]</a>
Despite the plausibility of resveratrol’s potential effects on blood lipids and body composition, resveratrol doesn’t appear to improve blood lipids in adults with <a href="/conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which excessive fat (more than 5% of liver weight) accumulates in the liver due to causes unrelated to alcohol.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">nonalcoholic fatty liver disease</a> (NAFLD)<a href="#ref-16" id="ref-link-16" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Karolina Jakubczyk, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823621" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-A Meta-Analysis
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Nutrients (2020 Aug 13)&lt;/div&gt;'>[16]</a><a href="#ref-17" id="ref-link-17" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Sahar Rafiee, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33321448" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Efficacy of resveratrol supplementation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Complement Ther Clin Pract (2020 Dec 4)&lt;/div&gt;'>[17]</a><a href="#ref-18" id="ref-link-18" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;He X, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37767399" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Integrative evidence construction for resveratrol treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: preclinical and clinical meta-analyses.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Front Pharmacol (2023)&lt;/div&gt;'>[18]</a> or <a href="/conditions/body-composition/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Body Composition&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Body composition refers to the relative percentage of fat, muscle, and bone in someone’s body. Body composition is sometimes reported as fat and fat-free mass.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">body composition</a> in adults with cardiometabolic conditions.<a href="#ref-6" id="ref-link-6" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh, Ahmad Jayedi, Sakineh Shab-Bidar. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34320173" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;The effects of resveratrol supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Am J Clin Nutr (2021 Nov 8)&lt;/div&gt;'>[6]</a>

What are resveratrol’s main benefits?

Resveratrol has poor bioavailability due to its rapid and extensive metabolism.<a href="#ref-19" id="ref-link-19" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Walle T, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15333514" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;High absorption but very low bioavailability of oral resveratrol in humans
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Drug Metab Dispos (2004 Dec)&lt;/div&gt;'>[19]</a><a href="#ref-20" id="ref-link-20" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Wenzel E, Somoza V. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15779070" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Metabolism and bioavailability of trans-resveratrol.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Mol Nutr Food Res (2005-May)&lt;/div&gt;'>[20]</a>
Human studies suggest resveratrol can be supplemented at dosages up to 5 grams daily with few to no side effects outside of some intestinal upset and nausea.<a href="#ref-1" id="ref-link-1" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Ketan R Patel, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21261655" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Clinical trials of resveratrol
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Ann N Y Acad Sci (2011 Jan)&lt;/div&gt;'>[1]</a><a href="#ref-2" id="ref-link-2" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Howells LM, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21680702" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Phase I randomized, double-blind pilot study of micronized resveratrol (SRT501) in patients with hepatic metastases--safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Cancer Prev Res (Phila) (2011-Sep)&lt;/div&gt;'>[2]</a>
Resveratrol doses of 1,000 mg/day or more may interfere with the biological effects of commonly administered drugs by inhibiting <a href="/glossary/cytochrome-p450/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Cytochrome P450&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cytochrome P450&lt;/em&gt; (CYPs) are a diverse family of enzymes involved broadly in cellular metabolism and detoxification. CYPs are the most well-recognized drug-metabolizing enzymes in the body. Many internal and external factors can influence their level of activity, which can contribute to the risk of drug interactions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">cytochrome p450</a> isoenzymes. For example, resveratrol inhibits enzymes that play a role in the metabolism of statins, calcium channel blockers, immunosuppressants, antifungals, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), anticoagulants, beta-blockers, antidepressants, opioid analgesics, and antihistamines, among others.<a href="#ref-21" id="ref-link-21" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Detampel P, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22788578" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Drug interaction potential of resveratrol.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Drug Metab Rev (2012-Aug)&lt;/div&gt;'>[21]</a> If you take any medication, consult your doctor before supplementing with resveratrol, no matter the dose.

What are resveratrol’s main drawbacks?

The cardioprotective effects of resveratrol are primarily due to its ability to protect cells against oxidative damage by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting their production. Resveratrol also increases antioxidant levels<a href="#ref-22" id="ref-link-22" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Zhu W, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25140191" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Effects and mechanisms of resveratrol on the amelioration of oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis in KKAy mice.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Nutr Metab (Lond) (2014)&lt;/div&gt;'>[22]</a> and inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., <a href="/outcomes/tnf-alpha/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;TNF-Alpha&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is used as a marker of inflammation. Its reduction is thought to reflect a lesser state of inflammation in the body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">TNF-α</a>, <a href="/outcomes/interleukin-1-beta/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Interleukin 1-beta&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Interleukin 1-beta&lt;/em&gt; (IL-1β) (also known as leukocytic pyrogen and other names) is a cytokine signaling molecule that plays a role in mediating the body's inflammatory responses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">IL-1β</a>, and <a href="/outcomes/interleukin-6/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Interleukin 6&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is thought to reflect a more inflammatory state in the body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">IL-6</a>).<a href="#ref-23" id="ref-link-23" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Csiszar A. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21261649" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol: possible role in prevention of age-related cardiovascular disease.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Ann N Y Acad Sci (2011-Jan)&lt;/div&gt;'>[23]</a><a href="#ref-24" id="ref-link-24" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Wang M, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32638845" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Resveratrol inhibits TNF-α-induced inflammation to protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Acta Cir Bras (2020-Jul-03)&lt;/div&gt;'>[24]</a><a href="#ref-25" id="ref-link-25" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Malaguarnera L. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31035454" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Influence of Resveratrol on the Immune Response.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Nutrients (2019-Apr-26)&lt;/div&gt;'>[25]</a> Resveratrol also appears to have anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertrophic effects in the heart<a href="#ref-26" id="ref-link-26" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Dolinsky VW, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25394677" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Resveratrol prevents pathological but not physiological cardiac hypertrophy.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;J Mol Med (Berl) (2015-Apr)&lt;/div&gt;'>[26]</a><a href="#ref-27" id="ref-link-27" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Zou LX, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31655498" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Resveratrol Attenuates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis and Diastolic Dysfunction via PTEN/AKT/Smad2/3 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Mol Nutr Food Res (2019-Dec)&lt;/div&gt;'>[27]</a> and may improve mitochondrial biogenesis and function.<a href="#ref-28" id="ref-link-28" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Csiszar A, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19429820" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Resveratrol induces mitochondrial biogenesis in endothelial cells.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (2009-Jul)&lt;/div&gt;'>[28]</a><a href="#ref-29" id="ref-link-29" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Ma S, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28883902" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;SIRT1 Activation by Resveratrol Alleviates Cardiac Dysfunction via Mitochondrial Regulation in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Mice.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Oxid Med Cell Longev (2017)&lt;/div&gt;'>[29]</a>
Regarding its lipid-lowering and glucose-lowering effects, resveratrol activates the metabolic regulators AMPK and Sirt1, thereby improving lipid metabolism and fat accumulation in the liver<a href="#ref-18" id="ref-link-18" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;He X, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37767399" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Integrative evidence construction for resveratrol treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: preclinical and clinical meta-analyses.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Front Pharmacol (2023)&lt;/div&gt;'>[18]</a> and increasing glucose uptake into skeletal muscle (i.e., improving insulin sensitivity) — explaining resveratrol’s potential to treat <a href="/conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which excessive fat (more than 5% of liver weight) accumulates in the liver due to causes unrelated to alcohol.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">nonalcoholic fatty liver disease</a> (NAFLD), <a href="/conditions/type-2-diabetes/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Type 2 Diabetes&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease in which blood glucose levels are too high. It is characterized by insulin resistance in muscle, fat, and pancreas cells and an inability of the pancreas to manufacture enough insulin to control blood glucose levels. T2D is strongly associated with excess body fat, and weight loss induced by lifestyle changes is extremely effective for treating T2D.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">type 2 diabetes</a>, and related conditions.

How does resveratrol work?

Resveratrol

Cardiovascular Health

Clinical trials of resveratrol

Phase I randomized, double-blind pilot study of micronized resveratrol (SRT501) in patients with hepatic metastases--safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.

Moderate red wine consumption and cardiovascular disease risk: beyond the "French paradox".

Resveratrol supplementation efficiently improves endothelial health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Blood Pressures Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The effects of resveratrol supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials

The effects of resveratrol on glycemic control and cardiometabolic parameters in patients with T2DM: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Fine wine or sour grapes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of red wine polyphenols on vascular health

Resveratrol protects human endothelium from H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress and senescence via SirT1 activation.

Effects of resveratrol on oxidative modification of human low density lipoprotein.

Resveratrol inhibits copper ion-induced and azo compound-initiated oxidative modification of human low density lipoprotein.

Influence of Age and Dose on the Effect of Resveratrol for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Effect of resveratrol on glucose control and insulin sensitivity: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials.

Effect of resveratrol on C-reactive protein: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Effect of resveratrol on inflammatory cytokines: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-A Meta-Analysis

Efficacy of resveratrol supplementation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

Integrative evidence construction for resveratrol treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: preclinical and clinical meta-analyses.

High absorption but very low bioavailability of oral resveratrol in humans

Metabolism and bioavailability of trans-resveratrol.

Drug interaction potential of resveratrol.

Effects and mechanisms of resveratrol on the amelioration of oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis in KKAy mice.

Anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol: possible role in prevention of age-related cardiovascular disease.

Resveratrol inhibits TNF-α-induced inflammation to protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats.

Influence of Resveratrol on the Immune Response.

Resveratrol prevents pathological but not physiological cardiac hypertrophy.

Resveratrol Attenuates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis and Diastolic Dysfunction via PTEN/AKT/Smad2/3 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways.

Resveratrol induces mitochondrial biogenesis in endothelial cells.

SIRT1 Activation by Resveratrol Alleviates Cardiac Dysfunction via Mitochondrial Regulation in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Mice.

The effect of resveratrol on longevity across species: a meta-analysis

Effects and Mechanisms of Resveratrol on Aging and Age-Related Diseases.

Factors associated with cardiac mortality in developed countries with particular reference to the consumption of wine.

Bioavailability of wine-derived phenolic compounds in humans: a review.

Wine, liquor, beer, and mortality.

Wine drinking and risks of cardiovascular complications after recent acute myocardial infarction.

Moderate wine drinkers have lower hypertension-related mortality: a prospective cohort study in French men.

Type of alcohol consumed and mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, and cancer

Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in European men and women: influence of beverage type and body size The EPIC-InterAct study.

Correlates of alcoholic beverage preference: traits of persons who choose wine, liquor or beer.

Bioavailability of trans-resveratrol from red wine in humans.

Gregory Lopez

Nick Milazzo

Conni Covington

Natalka Roshak

Brady Holmer

Katherine Nguyen

Kurtis Frank

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General Athletic Performance

Cardioprotection by resveratrol: A human clinical trial in patients with stable coronary artery disease

The effects of resveratrol on lipid profiles and liver enzymes in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Usefulness of resveratrol supplementation in decreasing cardiometabolic risk factors comparing subjects with metabolic syndrome and healthy subjects with or without obesity: meta-analysis using multinational, randomised, controlled trials

Effects of resveratrol supplementation on plasma lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Can resveratrol supplement change inflammatory mediators? A systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials.

Evidence-based nutritional and pharmacological interventions targeting chronic low-grade inflammation in middle-age and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Trans-resveratrol alters mammary promoter hypermethylation in women at increased risk for breast cancer

Effects of resveratrol on cerebral blood flow variables and cognitive performance in humans: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover investigation

Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patients

The Effects of Resveratrol on Oxidative Stress Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Pilot Study of Resveratrol in Older Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Therapeutic effect of resveratrol supplementation on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

The effects of resveratrol supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Effects of resveratrol on glucose control and insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Combined effect of interventions with pure or enriched mixtures of (poly)phenols and anti-diabetic medication in type 2 diabetes management: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled human trials.

Resveratrol supplementation and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Resveratrol treatment as an adjunct to pharmacological management in type 2 diabetes mellitus--systematic review and meta-analysis.

Resveratrol

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