Protection from Smoking
Research analysis led by Kamal Patel.
All content reviewed by the Examine.com Team. Published:
Last Updated:
All content reviewed by the Examine.com Team. Published:
Last Updated:
Learn which supplements work (and which don’t) to achieve your health goals
Enter your email to get our free mini-course on supplements.
100% backed by science, we take an independent and unbiased approach to figure out what works (and what's a waste of time and money). Arm yourself with the knowledge needed to make the right choices to improve your health.
Human Effect Matrix
The Human Effect Matrix looks at human studies (it excludes animal and in vitro studies) to tell you what supplements affect protection from smoking
| Grade | Level of Evidence [show legend] |
|---|---|
|
Robust research conducted with repeated double-blind clinical trials |
|
Multiple studies where at least two are double-blind and placebo controlled |
|
Single double-blind study or multiple cohort studies |
|
Uncontrolled or observational studies only |
|
Level of Evidence
?
The amount of high quality evidence. The more
evidence, the more we can trust the results.
|
Outcome |
Magnitude of effect
?
The direction and size of the supplement's impact on
each outcome. Some supplements can have an increasing effect, others have a decreasing effect, and others have no effect.
|
Consistency of research results
?
Scientific research does not always agree. HIGH or
VERY HIGH means that most of the scientific research agrees.
|
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
- | High See all 3 studies |
There do not appear to be any inherent protective effects of Vitamin C against the oxidative and inflammatory changes associated with cigarette smoking, although the reduction in blood flow may be attenuated somewhat with antioxidants and this applies to Vitamin C
|
|
|
|
Minor
|
- See study |
There appears to be an attenuation in how much a cigarette constricts peripheral blood flow by about half, with other biomarkers not changed overly to an overly potent degree.
|