Anatabine
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Summary of Anatabine
Primary Information, Benefits, Effects, and Important Facts
Anatabine is an alkaloid found in tobacco and other plants in the nightshade family.
Anatabine is being researched for its anti-inflammatory properties. Preliminary evidence suggests it may be useful to treat autoimmune diseases and Alzheimer’s disease.
Unfortunately, current research uses doses that are significantly higher than the anatabine supplements available on the market. Oral studies tend to use a dose of 1.6mg/kg of bodyweight for people, which translates to dose between 68-110mg for a 150lb person. One human study even failed to find anti-inflammatory effects at a dose that was 6 – 12 times higher than the doses found in today’s anatabine supplements.
Anatabine’s main mechanism works by inhibiting the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protein (STAT3), which inhibits a protein responsible for DNA transcription, called nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (nF-kB). Both Boswellia serrata and Feverfew have a similar mechanism.
Due to limitation of anatabine supplements on the market, it is not a practical anti-inflammatory supplement.
Things To Know & Note
Primary Function:
Also Known As
Anatabloc (Brand Name)
Caution Notice
Examine.com Medical DisclaimerHow to Take Anatabine
Recommended dosage, active amounts, other details
Animal research on anatabine used an oral dose of 12.5 – 20mg/kg of bodyweight in mice, for the purpose of autoimmune diseases. This suggests a preliminary human dose of:
• 70-110 mg for a 150lb person
• 90-150 mg for a 200lb person
• 110-180 mg for a 250lb person
These dosages are based on preliminary animal evidence, not human studies. Anatabine supplementation cannot be recommended at this time due to a lack of human evidence for its effects.
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Human Effect Matrix
The Human Effect Matrix looks at human studies (it excludes animal and in vitro studies) to tell you what effects anatabine has on your body, and how strong these effects are.
| Grade | Level of Evidence [show legend] |
|---|---|
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Robust research conducted with repeated double-blind clinical trials |
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Multiple studies where at least two are double-blind and placebo controlled |
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Single double-blind study or multiple cohort studies |
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Uncontrolled or observational studies only |
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Level of Evidence
?
The amount of high quality evidence. The more
evidence, the more we can trust the results.
|
Outcome |
Magnitude of effect
?
The direction and size of the supplement's impact on
each outcome. Some supplements can have an increasing effect, others have a decreasing effect, and others have no effect.
|
Consistency of research results
?
Scientific research does not always agree. HIGH or
VERY HIGH means that most of the scientific research agrees.
|
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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- | - See study |
6-12mg anatabine does not appear to significantly influence blood pressure in otherwise healthy persons.
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- | - See study |
There is no significant influence on heart rate seen with 6-12mg anatabine in otherwise healthy persons
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- | - See study |
The progression of recovery after a novel workout (when measured over three days) was unaffected by 6-12mg anatabine
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- | - See study |
Perceived muscle soreness and pain from a workout was unaffected by anatabine supplementation.
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- | - See study |
Strength recovery over the course of three days recovery was not significantly improved by 6-12mg anatabine
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Everything you need to know about the keto diet
When we asked our users what they wanted us to cover, many of them mentioned the keto diet.
So we listened. We spent the year looking up the research on the ketogenic diet to help guide you in your journey.
With Evidence-based Keto, Examine.com gives you all the scientific research, but in understandable language with tons of informative infographics. No opinion, no bias, no conflict of interest.
If you’re interested in keto, this is a must-have unbiased source.
Scientific Research on Anatabine
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Anatabine is an alkaloid with structural similarity to nicotine, and closer structure similarity to anabasine (which is anatabine without the double bond in the right ring pictured below).
References
- ^ a b Wu W, Ashley DL, Watson CH. Determination of nicotine and other minor alkaloids in international cigarettes by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. (2002)
- ^ Lisko JG, et al. Application of GC-MS/MS for the analysis of tobacco alkaloids in cigarette filler and various tobacco species. Anal Chem. (2013)
- ^ Screening of Tobacco Smoke Condensate for Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligands using Cellular Membrane Affinity Chromatography Columns and Missing Peak Chromatography.
- ^ a b c d e Paris D, et al. Anatabine lowers Alzheimer's Aβ production in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol. (2011)
- ^ Paris D, et al. Inhibition of Abeta production by NF-kappaB inhibitors. Neurosci Lett. (2007)
- ^ Paris D, et al. Reduction of beta-amyloid pathology by celastrol in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation. (2010)
- ^ a b c Paris D, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of anatabine via inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. Eur J Pharmacol. (2013)
- ^ Nicotine decreases beta-amyloid through regulating BACE1 transcription in SH-EP1-α4β2 nAChR-APP695 cells.
- ^ Buggia-Prevot V, et al. NFkappaB-dependent control of BACE1 promoter transactivation by Abeta42. J Biol Chem. (2008)
- ^ Yoshikawa H, et al. Nicotine inhibits the production of proinflammatory mediators in human monocytes by suppression of I-kappaB phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kappaB transcriptional activity through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7. Clin Exp Immunol. (2006)
- ^ Peña G, et al. Unphosphorylated STAT3 modulates alpha 7 nicotinic receptor signaling and cytokine production in sepsis. Eur J Immunol. (2010)
- ^ Haass M, Kübler W. Nicotine and sympathetic neurotransmission. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. (1997)
- ^ a b Jenkins ND, et al. The effects of anatabine on non-invasive indicators of muscle damage: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. (2013)
- ^ a b Caturegli P, et al. Anatabine ameliorates experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. Endocrinology. (2012)
- ^ Boyko EJ, et al. Effects of cigarette smoking on the clinical course of ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol. (1988)
- ^ Calabrese E, et al. Low-dose smoking resumption in ex-smokers with refractory ulcerative colitis. J Crohns Colitis. (2012)
- ^ Belin RM, et al. Smoke exposure is associated with a lower prevalence of serum thyroid autoantibodies and thyrotropin concentration elevation and a higher prevalence of mild thyrotropin concentration suppression in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. (2004)
- ^ Pedersen IB, et al. Smoking is negatively associated with the presence of thyroglobulin autoantibody and to a lesser degree with thyroid peroxidase autoantibody in serum: a population study. Eur J Endocrinol. (2008)
- ^ Bencherif M, et al. Alpha7 nicotinic receptors as novel therapeutic targets for inflammation-based diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci. (2011)
- ^ Paris D, et al. Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by anatabine. PLoS One. (2013)