References
- ^Malik A, Brito D, Vaqar S, Chhabra LCongestive Heart FailureStatPearls.(2022-11)
Chronic congestive heart failure is caused by abnormal structural and functional changes to the heart and a number of triggering factors. Most commonly, heart failure is caused by coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart attack,[1] which lead to an initial injury to the heart and numerous downstream effects. Other triggering factors of heart failure include:[1]