Patchouli
Introducing Evidence-based Keto: Your no-hype guide to the ketogenic diet
We've spent the past year analyzing the research on the keto diet, and have just released Evidence-based Keto.
Clocking in at over 200 pages with 500+ references, it's the unbiased guide you need to the ketogenic diet.
Summary of Patchouli
Primary Information, Benefits, Effects, and Important Facts
Pogostemon cablin, also known as patchouli, is an herb used in aromatherapy, perfumes, and other fragrances.
Patchouli is often used to induce relaxation, but studies have found this effect to be unreliable. When it does work, patchouli supplementation reduces central nervous system activity.
Preliminary evidence suggests patchouli can alleviate influenza. It has a moderate effect on most strains of flu, and a powerful effect on the H1N1 strain. Animal evidence suggests patchouli supplementation may also have an anti-depressant effect.
The main bioactive of patchouli is called patchouli alcohol. It can be used to synthesize Taxol, an anti-cancer medicine.
Though patchouli may be an effective anti-flu herb that makes it easier to relax, much more research is needed to confirm these effects.
Things To Know & Note
Is a Form Of
Primary Function:
Also Known As
Pogostemon cablin, Patchouly, Patchy
Caution Notice
Examine.com Medical DisclaimerHow to Take Patchouli
Recommended dosage, active amounts, other details
The standard dose for patchouli supplementation is based off of animal doses.
Approximately 40mg/kg of bodyweight of patchouli, given to rats, is associated with anti-depressant effects. This translates to the following human dosages:
• 440mg for a 150lb person
• 580mg for a 200lb person
• 730mg for a 250lb person
A dose of 40-80mg/kg of bodyweight, given to mice, is associated with an anti-flu effect. The estimated human dose equivalent is 3.2-6.4mg/kg of bodyweight.
ON SALE UNTIL TONIGHT: Evidence-based Keto
Unbiased truth on keto and long-term effects on health, safety, pre-existing conditions, losing weight, and more.
Learn the latest on keto
Human Effect Matrix
The Human Effect Matrix looks at human studies (it excludes animal and in vitro studies) to tell you what effects patchouli has on your body, and how strong these effects are.
| Grade | Level of Evidence [show legend] |
|---|---|
|
Robust research conducted with repeated double-blind clinical trials |
|
Multiple studies where at least two are double-blind and placebo controlled |
|
Single double-blind study or multiple cohort studies |
|
Uncontrolled or observational studies only |
|
Level of Evidence
?
The amount of high quality evidence. The more
evidence, the more we can trust the results.
|
Outcome |
Magnitude of effect
?
The direction and size of the supplement's impact on
each outcome. Some supplements can have an increasing effect, others have a decreasing effect, and others have no effect.
|
Consistency of research results
?
Scientific research does not always agree. HIGH or
VERY HIGH means that most of the scientific research agrees.
|
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Minor
|
- See study |
The decrease in CNS activity was not overly remarkable with Patchouli aromatherapy
|
Studies Excluded from Consideration
Everything you need to know about the keto diet
When we asked our users what they wanted us to cover, many of them mentioned the keto diet.
So we listened. We spent the year looking up the research on the ketogenic diet to help guide you in your journey.
With Evidence-based Keto, Examine.com gives you all the scientific research, but in understandable language with tons of informative infographics. No opinion, no bias, no conflict of interest.
If you’re interested in keto, this is a must-have unbiased source.
Scientific Research on Patchouli
Click on any below to expand the corresponding section. Click on to collapse it.
Click here to fully expand all sections or here to fully collapse them.
Compounds known to be in the volatile oil fragment include
The sequesterpene known as Patchouli alcohol[3][9] which is the main bioactive[10] at around 30.65-33.3% of the essential oil[11][1][12]
δ-guaiene (2.03-14.5% essential oil) and α-guaiene (10.67-12.5% essential oil),[11][1][10][13] with the study noting a low amount of δ-guaiene detected an appreciabile amount of β-guaiene (9.09%)[11]
α-patchoulene[10] at 3.24-5% of the essential oil,[11][1] β-patchouline at 1.58-2%,[1] and γ-patchoulene at 2.4%[1]
2-(1,3-dihydroxy-but-2-enylidene)-6-methyl-3-oxo-heptanoic acid (DHEMH)[6]
Valencene, Elemol, and Farnesol[3]
Eicosene at 5.27%[11]
Caryophyllene at 3.5-8.64% of the essential oil,[11][1][3] Aciphyllene at 3.1%,[1] and Seychellene[10] at 3.26-7.1%[11][1]
Napthoquinone at 2.45%[11]
Pachypodol[14]
Retusin[14]
Stigmast-4-en-3-one[14]
Patchouli alcohol (a molecule within the essential oil portion) is by far the most prominent molecule consisting of about one third of the essential oil; other molecules in relatively higher levels in Patchouli are the Guainene class and the Patchouline class
Although Patchouli alcohol was named after Pogostemon cablin where it was first detected, it can be found in the rhizome of the plant Valeriana wallichii known as 'Indian Valerian' (not to be confused with Valerian officinalis), particularly in a Valeriana wallichii Patchouli Alcohol Chemotype.[15] This plant has a highly variable content of Patchouli Alcohol at 13.4-66.7%.[16]
Additionally, it should be noted that other herbs in the same family as Patchouli (Pogostemon) such as Pogostemon heyneanus have different phytochemical profiles in the essential oil;[17] species may not be easily interchangeable.
Indian Valerian is also a good source of the bioactive thought to be unique to Patchouli
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Trellakis S, et al. Subconscious olfactory influences of stimulant and relaxant odors on immune function. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. (2012)
- ^ Ichikawa K, Kinoshita T, Sankawa U. The screening of Chinese crude drugs for Ca2+ antagonist activity: identification of active principles from the aerial part of Pogostemon cablin and the fruits of Prunus mume. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). (1989)
- ^ a b c d e f g h Kiyohara H, et al. Patchouli alcohol: in vitro direct anti-influenza virus sesquiterpene in Pogostemon cablin Benth. J Nat Med. (2012)
- ^ Bhatia SP, Letizia CS, Api AM. Fragrance material review on patchouli alcohol. Food Chem Toxicol. (2008)
- ^ Zhang QH, Schneidmiller RG, Hoover DR. Essential oils and their compositions as spatial repellents for pestiferous social wasps. Pest Manag Sci. (2012)
- ^ a b Wu HQ, et al. Acaricidal activity of DHEMH, derived from patchouli oil, against house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). (2012)
- ^ Zhu BC, et al. Toxicity and repellency of patchouli oil and patchouli alcohol against Formosan subterranean termites Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). J Agric Food Chem. (2003)
- ^ Trongtokit Y, et al. Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. Phytother Res. (2005)
- ^ Tong J, et al. Selective separation of patchouli alcohol from the essential oil of Cablin potchouli by inclusion crystalline method. Nat Prod Res. (2013)
- ^ a b c d e Hussin N, et al. Quantitative and physical evaluation of patchouli essential oils obtained from different sources of Pogostemon cablin. Nat Prod Commun. (2012)
- ^ a b c d e f g h Manoj G, Manohar SH, Murthy HN. Chemical constituents, antioxidant and antimocrobial activity of essential oil of Pogostemon paniculatus (Willd.). Nat Prod Res. (2012)
- ^ Deguerry F, et al. The diverse sesquiterpene profile of patchouli, Pogostemon cablin, is correlated with a limited number of sesquiterpene synthases. Arch Biochem Biophys. (2006)
- ^ Hu LF, et al. GC-MS fingerprint of Pogostemon cablin in China. J Pharm Biomed Anal. (2006)
- ^ a b c Yang Y, et al. Anti-emetic principles of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. Phytomedicine. (1999)
- ^ a b c Sah SP, Mathela CS, Chopra K. Antidepressant effect of Valeriana wallichii patchouli alcohol chemotype in mice: Behavioural and biochemical evidence. J Ethnopharmacol. (2011)
- ^ Verma RS, et al. Chemical diversity in the essential oil of Indian valerian (Valeriana jatamansi Jones). Chem Biodivers. (2011)
- ^ Murugan R, et al. Volatile oil composition of Pogostemon heyneanus and comparison of its composition with patchouli oil. Nat Prod Commun. (2010)
- ^ Umezu T. Evaluation of the effects of plant-derived essential oils on central nervous system function using discrete shuttle-type conditioned avoidance response in mice. Phytother Res. (2012)
- ^ Haze S, Sakai K, Gozu Y. Effects of fragrance inhalation on sympathetic activity in normal adults. Jpn J Pharmacol. (2002)
- ^ Sah SP, Mathela CS, Chopra K. Involvement of nitric oxide (NO) signalling pathway in the antidepressant activity of essential oil of Valeriana wallichii Patchouli alcohol chemotype. Phytomedicine. (2011)
- ^ Jeong JB, Shin YK, Lee SH. Anti-inflammatory activity of patchouli alcohol in RAW264.7 and HT-29 cells. Food Chem Toxicol. (2013)
- ^ Xian YF, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemonis Herba in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Exp Ther Med. (2011)
- ^ Su JY, et al. Experimental study on anti-inflammatory activity of a TCM recipe consisting of the supercritical fluid CO2 extract of Chrysanthemum indicum, Patchouli Oil and Zedoary Turmeric Oil in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol. (2012)
- ^ Wu H, et al. Inhibitory effect and possible mechanism of action of patchouli alcohol against influenza A (H2N2) virus. Molecules. (2011)
- ^ a b c Li YC, et al. Oral administration of patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemonis Herba augments protection against influenza viral infection in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. (2012)