Coleus forskohlii (also called Plectranthus barbatus and Coleus barbatus) is an aromatic perennial plant belonging to the Lamiaceae (mint) family. It is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including the Indian subcontinent, Thailand, Brazil, Ethiopia, and Egypt.<a href="#ref-2" id="ref-link-2" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Mitra M, Gantait S, Mandal N. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31989223" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Coleus forskohlii: advancements and prospects of in vitro biotechnology.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2020-Mar)&lt;/div&gt;'>[2]</a> Coleus forskohlii has traditionally been used in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinary, and central nervous system disorders.<a href="#ref-3" id="ref-link-3" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Dubey MP, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7193263" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Pharmacological studies on coleonol, a hypotensive diterpene from Coleus forskohlii.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;J Ethnopharmacol (1981-Jan)&lt;/div&gt;'>[3]</a><a href="#ref-4" id="ref-link-4" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Srivastava et al.. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.40.2.129.5842" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Pharmacognostic evaluation of &lt;em&gt;Coleus forskohlii&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Pharm Biol (2008-9)&lt;/div&gt;'>[4]</a> Forskolin, the main bioactive compound in Coleus forskohlii, has been investigated as a potential treatment for asthma, glaucoma, and high blood pressure, as well as a fat burner and testosterone booster.<a href="#ref-5" id="ref-link-5" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;R González-Sánchez, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16749416" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Forskolin versus sodium cromoglycate for prevention of asthma attacks: a single-blinded clinical trial
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;J Int Med Res (Mar-Apr 2006)&lt;/div&gt;'>[5]</a><a href="#ref-6" id="ref-link-6" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Majeed M, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26155078" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Efficacy and safety of 1% forskolin eye drops in open angle glaucoma - An open label study.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Saudi J Ophthalmol (2015)&lt;/div&gt;'>[6]</a><a href="#ref-7" id="ref-link-7" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Madhavi Jagtap, H M Chandola, B Ravishankar. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22131759" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Clinical efficacy of Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq. (Makandi) in hypertension of geriatric population
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Ayu (2011 Jan)&lt;/div&gt;'>[7]</a><a href="#ref-8" id="ref-link-8" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Godard MP, Johnson BA, Richmond SR. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16129715" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Body composition and hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption in overweight and obese men
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Obes Res (2005 Aug)&lt;/div&gt;'>[8]</a><a href="#ref-9" id="ref-link-9" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;F L Greenway, G A Bray. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2894247" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Regional fat loss from the thigh in obese women after adrenergic modulation
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Clin Ther (1987)&lt;/div&gt;'>[9]</a>

What is Coleus forskohlii?

The handful of available <a href="/glossary/randomized-controlled-trial/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Randomized controlled trial&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for determining whether an intervention actually causes any effects. The use of randomization and control groups helps eliminate the effects of factors other than the treatment being studied.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">randomized controlled trials</a> exploring the effects of Coleus forskohlii on body weight and <a href="/conditions/body-composition/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Body Composition&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Body composition refers to the relative percentage of fat, muscle, and bone in someone’s body. Body composition is sometimes reported as fat and fat-free mass.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">body composition</a> have reported mixed results.
One trial found no effect of supplementation with 500 mg of Coleus forskohlii extract (containing 10% forskolin, the main bioactive compound in Coleus forskohlii) daily for a period of 12 weeks on body weight or body composition in women with <a href="/conditions/overweight/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Overweight&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Overweight is characterized as having a &lt;em&gt;body mass index&lt;/em&gt; bmi|(BMI) of 25 to 29.9. Having overweight is associated with increased risk of conditions such as cardiovascular disease. However, this may not be the case in people with increased lean mass (e.g., athletes or weight lifters).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">overweight</a>.<a href="#ref-28" id="ref-link-28" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Henderson S, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18500958" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Effects of coleus forskohlii supplementation on body composition and hematological profiles in mildly overweight women
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;J Int Soc Sports Nutr (2005 Dec 9)&lt;/div&gt;'>[28]</a> On the other hand, a 12-week trial conducted in men with overweight/<a href="/conditions/obesity/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Obesity&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Obesity is a condition of excessive body fat that increases the risk for other conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. Fat is how the body stores extra calories that were eaten but not used. Obesity treatment usually involves restricting the calories eaten or creating negative calorie balance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">obesity</a> found that the same supplementation protocol resulted in large reductions in fat mass (−4.5 kg) and body fat percentage (−4%).<a href="#ref-8" id="ref-link-8" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Godard MP, Johnson BA, Richmond SR. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16129715" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Body composition and hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption in overweight and obese men
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Obes Res (2005 Aug)&lt;/div&gt;'>[8]</a> Finally, the most recent trial examined the effects of the aforementioned supplementation protocol over a period of 12 weeks in adults (24 women; 6 men) with overweight/obesity and found no effects on body weight or body composition.<a href="#ref-15" id="ref-link-15" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Hayley L Loftus, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26593941" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Coleus forskohlii Extract Supplementation in Conjunction with a Hypocaloric Diet Reduces the Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Nutrients (2015 Nov 17)&lt;/div&gt;'>[15]</a>
Whereas the trials above explored the effects of Coleus forskohlii taken orally, one 1987 trial looked at the effects of the topical application of forskolin.<a href="#ref-9" id="ref-link-9" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;F L Greenway, G A Bray. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2894247" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Regional fat loss from the thigh in obese women after adrenergic modulation
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Clin Ther (1987)&lt;/div&gt;'>[9]</a> In this trial, 4 women who were on a very-low-calorie diet applied a forskolin-containing cream on one of their thighs, with the opposite thigh treated with a placebo cream daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the trial period, there was a 1-cm greater reduction in thigh circumference in the forskolin group than in the placebo group.
Taken together, the findings above suggest either no effects of oral supplementation with Coleus forskohlii on body weight and body composition or gender-specific effects, with potential improvements in men with overweight/obesity but not in women with overweight/obesity. The findings also suggest that the topical application of forskolin may promote regional fat loss. That said, much more research is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.

Could Coleus forskohlii help with weight loss or body composition?

There is currently not enough research to say whether Coleus forskohlii affects testosterone.
Specifically, only one trial has looked at the effects of supplementation with Coleus forskohlii on testosterone levels.<a href="#ref-8" id="ref-link-8" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Godard MP, Johnson BA, Richmond SR. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16129715" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Body composition and hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption in overweight and obese men
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Obes Res (2005 Aug)&lt;/div&gt;'>[8]</a> In this trial, 30 men with <a href="/conditions/overweight/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Overweight&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Overweight is characterized as having a &lt;em&gt;body mass index&lt;/em&gt; bmi|(BMI) of 25 to 29.9. Having overweight is associated with increased risk of conditions such as cardiovascular disease. However, this may not be the case in people with increased lean mass (e.g., athletes or weight lifters).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">overweight</a>/<a href="/conditions/obesity/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Obesity&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Obesity is a condition of excessive body fat that increases the risk for other conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. Fat is how the body stores extra calories that were eaten but not used. Obesity treatment usually involves restricting the calories eaten or creating negative calorie balance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">obesity</a> and normal testosterone levels took 500 mg of Coleus forskohlii extract (containing 10% forskolin) daily for a period of 12 weeks. At the end of the trial, the levels of free testosterone increased in the Coleus forskohlii group by 3.5% and decreased in the placebo group by 4.1%, with the difference between groups reaching statistical significance. No effect of supplementation with Coleus forskohlii extract was observed on the levels of total testosterone.

Does Coleus forskohlii boost testosterone?

The application of eye drops containing 0.3–1% of forskolin (the main bioactive compound in Coleus forskohlii) may cause small reductions in intraocular pressure, suggesting potential therapeutic effects of forskolin in eye disorders involving ocular hypertension, such as <a href="/conditions/glaucoma/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Glaucoma&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions, the common feature of which is characteristic damage of the optic nerve which transmits light signals to the brain. Left untreated, glaucoma can cause irreversible vision loss. Currently, the only established modifiable risk factor for glaucoma is elevated pressure inside the eye.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">glaucoma</a>.<a href="#ref-10" id="ref-link-10" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Meyer BH, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3554560" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;The effects of forskolin eye drops on intra-ocular pressure
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;S Afr Med J (1987 May 2)&lt;/div&gt;'>[10]</a><a href="#ref-11" id="ref-link-11" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Badian M, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6543235" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Effect of forskolin eyedrops on intraocular pressure in healthy males
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Klin Monbl Augenheilkd (1984 Dec)&lt;/div&gt;'>[11]</a> Although trials administering forskolin orally in participants with glaucoma have also noted reductions in intraocular pressure, the findings were <a href="/glossary/confounder/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Confounder&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;A confounder is a factor — either observed or unobserved — which affects the relationship between two variables being studied. Not accounting for the potential effect of a confounder may lead to incorrect conclusions about the relationship between the variables.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">confounded</a> by simultaneous supplementation with rutin and vitamins vitamin B1 and vitamin B2.<a href="#ref-12" id="ref-link-12" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Pescosolido N, Librando A. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20589347" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Oral administration of an association of forskolin, rutin and vitamins B1 and B2 potentiates the hypotonising effects of pharmacological treatments in POAG patients
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Clin Ter (2010)&lt;/div&gt;'>[12]</a><a href="#ref-13" id="ref-link-13" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Vetrugno M, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22731245" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Oral administration of forskolin and rutin contributes to intraocular pressure control in primary open angle glaucoma patients under maximum tolerated medical therapy.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;J Ocul Pharmacol Ther (2012-Oct)&lt;/div&gt;'>[13]</a>
Limited preliminary clinical research suggests that supplementation with Coleus forskohlii extract or forskolin may reduce the number of <a href="/conditions/asthma/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Asthma&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Asthma is a lung condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which results in episodes of wheezing and breathlessness. Asthma can be worsened by environmental exposures, such as allergens, cold air, exercise, viral/bacterial infections, and some drugs. Diet and supplementation may alleviate asthma by way of reducing inflammation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">asthma</a> attacks in children,<a href="#ref-5" id="ref-link-5" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;R González-Sánchez, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16749416" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Forskolin versus sodium cromoglycate for prevention of asthma attacks: a single-blinded clinical trial
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;J Int Med Res (Mar-Apr 2006)&lt;/div&gt;'>[5]</a> protect against methacholine-induced airway restriction in healthy adults,<a href="#ref-14" id="ref-link-14" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Kaik G, Witte PU. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3551340" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Protective effect of forskolin in acetylcholine provocation in healthy probands. Comparison of 2 doses with fenoterol and placebo
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Wien Med Wochenschr (1986 Dec 31)&lt;/div&gt;'>[14]</a> increase testosterone levels and <a href="/outcomes/bone-mineral-density/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Bone Mineral Density&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bone mineral density (BMD) is the density of mineral in bone tissue (more mass in the same area causing an increase in density), and is thought to reflect structural integrity of bones. Improving BMD reduces the risk of osteoporosis and falls in the elderly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">bone mineral density</a> (BMD) in men with <a href="/conditions/overweight/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Overweight&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Overweight is characterized as having a &lt;em&gt;body mass index&lt;/em&gt; bmi|(BMI) of 25 to 29.9. Having overweight is associated with increased risk of conditions such as cardiovascular disease. However, this may not be the case in people with increased lean mass (e.g., athletes or weight lifters).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">overweight</a>/<a href="/conditions/obesity/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Obesity&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Obesity is a condition of excessive body fat that increases the risk for other conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. Fat is how the body stores extra calories that were eaten but not used. Obesity treatment usually involves restricting the calories eaten or creating negative calorie balance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">obesity</a>,<a href="#ref-8" id="ref-link-8" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Godard MP, Johnson BA, Richmond SR. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16129715" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Body composition and hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption in overweight and obese men
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Obes Res (2005 Aug)&lt;/div&gt;'>[8]</a> and reduce <a href="/outcomes/blood-pressure/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Blood Pressure&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts on blood vessels as it circulates. &lt;em&gt;High&lt;/em&gt; blood pressure (&lt;em&gt;hyper&lt;/em&gt;tension) and &lt;em&gt;low&lt;/em&gt; blood pressure (&lt;em&gt;hypo&lt;/em&gt;tension) can each lead to a variety of health issues.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">blood pressure</a> and improve <a href="/conditions/body-composition/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Body Composition&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Body composition refers to the relative percentage of fat, muscle, and bone in someone’s body. Body composition is sometimes reported as fat and fat-free mass.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">body composition</a> and/or <a href="/conditions/metabolic-health/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Metabolic Health&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metabolic health is defined as having ideal levels of blood glucose (blood sugar), triglycerides, cholesterol, blood pressure, and waist circumference without the use of medications. Metabolic health can also include the ability to regulate inflammation in the body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">metabolic health</a> in older adults and in adults with overweight/obesity.<a href="#ref-7" id="ref-link-7" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Madhavi Jagtap, H M Chandola, B Ravishankar. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22131759" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Clinical efficacy of Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq. (Makandi) in hypertension of geriatric population
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Ayu (2011 Jan)&lt;/div&gt;'>[7]</a><a href="#ref-8" id="ref-link-8" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Godard MP, Johnson BA, Richmond SR. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16129715" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Body composition and hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption in overweight and obese men
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Obes Res (2005 Aug)&lt;/div&gt;'>[8]</a><a href="#ref-15" id="ref-link-15" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Hayley L Loftus, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26593941" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Coleus forskohlii Extract Supplementation in Conjunction with a Hypocaloric Diet Reduces the Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Nutrients (2015 Nov 17)&lt;/div&gt;'>[15]</a> However, much more evidence is needed in these research areas before firm conclusions can be drawn.
Findings from some <a href="/glossary/in-vitro-study/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;In Vitro Study&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In vitro&lt;/em&gt; (Latin for “within the glass”) refers to studies that are performed outside of a living organism. In scientific research, this often involves performing experiments on bacterial, animal, or human cells growing in lab culture dishes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">in vitro</a> and animal studies suggest that Coleus forskohlii may have anticancer,<a href="#ref-16" id="ref-link-16" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Agarwal KC, Parks RE. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6686215" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Forskolin: a potential antimetastatic agent.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Int J Cancer (1983-Dec-15)&lt;/div&gt;'>[16]</a><a href="#ref-17" id="ref-link-17" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;McEwan DG, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17545604" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Chemoresistant KM12C colon cancer cells are addicted to low cyclic AMP levels in a phosphodiesterase 4-regulated compartment via effects on phosphoinositide 3-kinase.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Cancer Res (2007-Jun-01)&lt;/div&gt;'>[17]</a><a href="#ref-18" id="ref-link-18" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Perrotti D, Neviani P. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18213449" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a drugable tumor suppressor in Ph1(+) leukemias.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Cancer Metastasis Rev (2008-Jun)&lt;/div&gt;'>[18]</a> antifibrotic,<a href="#ref-19" id="ref-link-19" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;El-Agroudy NN, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27590029" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Forskolin, a hedgehog signalling inhibitor, attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Br J Pharmacol (2016-Nov)&lt;/div&gt;'>[19]</a> thyroid-stimulating,<a href="#ref-20" id="ref-link-20" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Laurberg P. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6327383" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Forskolin stimulation of thyroid secretion of T4 and T3.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;FEBS Lett (1984-May-21)&lt;/div&gt;'>[20]</a> and anti-inflammatory<a href="#ref-21" id="ref-link-21" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Ma C, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30520122" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Extracts of Coleus forskohlii relieves cough and asthma symptoms via modulating inflammation and the extracellular matrix.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;J Cell Biochem (2019-Jun)&lt;/div&gt;'>[21]</a> properties. However, human trials exploring these potential effects are lacking.

What are Coleus forskohlii’s main benefits?

Although supplementation with Coleus forskohlii extract or forskolin is generally considered to be safe and well tolerated at recommended doses, it has been associated with side effects relating mainly to gastrointestinal disturbances (primarily diarrhea).<a href="#ref-22" id="ref-link-22" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Chiharu Nishijima, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30999632" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Nationwide Online Survey Enables the Reevaluation of the Safety of Coleus forskohlii Extract Intake Based on the Adverse Event Frequencies
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Nutrients (2019 Apr 17)&lt;/div&gt;'>[22]</a><a href="#ref-23" id="ref-link-23" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Kamohara et al. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmu.2015.01.001" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Safety of a &lt;em&gt;Coleus forskohlii&lt;/em&gt; formulation in healthy volunteers
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Pers Med Universe (2015-7)&lt;/div&gt;'>[23]</a>
Because supplementation with Coleus forskohlii extract or forskolin has been noted to reduce blood pressure, increase stomach acid levels, and inhibit platelet aggregation, its use may be contraindicated for some individuals.<a href="#ref-1" id="ref-link-1" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;&lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16597194" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Coleus forskohlii. Monograph.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Altern Med Rev (2006-Mar)&lt;/div&gt;'>[1]</a>

What are Coleus forskohlii’s main drawbacks?

The primary mechanism through which forskolin (the main bioactive compound in Coleus forskohlii) exerts its effects is by activating almost all (8 out of 9) isoforms of the enzyme adenylyl cyclase,<a href="#ref-24" id="ref-link-24" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Iwatsubo K, Tsunematsu T, Ishikawa Y. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12783579" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Isoform-specific regulation of adenylyl cyclase: a potential target in future pharmacotherapy.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Expert Opin Ther Targets (2003-Jun)&lt;/div&gt;'>[24]</a> which, in turn, increases the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) within cells.<a href="#ref-25" id="ref-link-25" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Seamon KB, Daly JW. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6278005" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Forskolin: a unique diterpene activator of cyclic AMP-generating systems.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;J Cyclic Nucleotide Res (1981)&lt;/div&gt;'>[25]</a> This increase in cAMP levels results in the subsequent modulation of various cellular processes through the activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and other proteins or enzymes, which, in turn, affect a wide range of physiological processes, including metabolism, hormone secretion, muscle contraction, and neurotransmission.<a href="#ref-26" id="ref-link-26" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Alasbahi RH, Melzig MF. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22393824" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Forskolin and derivatives as tools for studying the role of cAMP.
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Pharmazie (2012-Jan)&lt;/div&gt;'>[26]</a><a href="#ref-27" id="ref-link-27" class="ref-link popover" data-tooltip='&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="mb-3"&gt;Patra C, et al. &lt;a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30571052" target="\_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"&gt;Biochemistry, cAMP
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;StatPearls (2024-01)&lt;/div&gt;'>[27]</a>

How does Coleus forskohlii work?

Coleus forskohlii

Cardiovascular Health

Coleus forskohlii. Monograph.

Coleus forskohlii: advancements and prospects of in vitro biotechnology.

Pharmacological studies on coleonol, a hypotensive diterpene from Coleus forskohlii.

Pharmacognostic evaluation of *Coleus forskohlii*

Forskolin versus sodium cromoglycate for prevention of asthma attacks: a single-blinded clinical trial

Efficacy and safety of 1% forskolin eye drops in open angle glaucoma - An open label study.

Clinical efficacy of Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq. (Makandi) in hypertension of geriatric population

Body composition and hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption in overweight and obese men

Regional fat loss from the thigh in obese women after adrenergic modulation

The effects of forskolin eye drops on intra-ocular pressure

Effect of forskolin eyedrops on intraocular pressure in healthy males

Oral administration of an association of forskolin, rutin and vitamins B1 and B2 potentiates the hypotonising effects of pharmacological treatments in POAG patients

Oral administration of forskolin and rutin contributes to intraocular pressure control in primary open angle glaucoma patients under maximum tolerated medical therapy.

Protective effect of forskolin in acetylcholine provocation in healthy probands. Comparison of 2 doses with fenoterol and placebo

Coleus forskohlii Extract Supplementation in Conjunction with a Hypocaloric Diet Reduces the Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Forskolin: a potential antimetastatic agent.

Chemoresistant KM12C colon cancer cells are addicted to low cyclic AMP levels in a phosphodiesterase 4-regulated compartment via effects on phosphoinositide 3-kinase.

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a drugable tumor suppressor in Ph1(+) leukemias.

Forskolin, a hedgehog signalling inhibitor, attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats.

Forskolin stimulation of thyroid secretion of T4 and T3.

Extracts of Coleus forskohlii relieves cough and asthma symptoms via modulating inflammation and the extracellular matrix.

Nationwide Online Survey Enables the Reevaluation of the Safety of Coleus forskohlii Extract Intake Based on the Adverse Event Frequencies

Safety of a *Coleus forskohlii* formulation in healthy volunteers

Isoform-specific regulation of adenylyl cyclase: a potential target in future pharmacotherapy.

Forskolin: a unique diterpene activator of cyclic AMP-generating systems.

Forskolin and derivatives as tools for studying the role of cAMP.

Biochemistry, cAMP

Effects of coleus forskohlii supplementation on body composition and hematological profiles in mildly overweight women

Nick Milazzo

Conni Covington

Antonis Damianou

Fat Loss

Obesity

Weight

Appetite

Blood Pressure

Fasting Glucose

Heart Rate

Hip Circumference

Insulin

Insulin Resistance

Waist circumference

Waist-Hip Ratio

Body Composition

Fatigue Symptoms

Eye Health

Intraocular Pressure

Healthy Aging

Diabetes & Blood Sugar

Liver Health

Metabolic Health

Weight Loss & Maintenance

Bone Mineral Density

Body Fat

Lean Mass

Testosterone

Asthma

Asthma Symptoms

Low Testosterone

Bone Health

Overweight

Respiratory Health

Appetite Regulation

Coleus forskohlii (also called Plectranthus barbatus and Coleus barbatus) is an aromatic perennial plant belonging to the Lamiaceae (mint) family. It is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including the Indian subcontinent, Thailand, Brazil, Ethiopia, and Egypt.[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31989223|title=Coleus forskohlii: advancements and prospects of in vitro biotechnology.|published=2020-Mar|authors=Mitra M, Gantait S, Mandal N|journal=Appl Microbiol Biotechnol|] Coleus forskohlii has traditionally been used in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinary, and central nervous system disorders.[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7193263|title=Pharmacological studies on coleonol, a hypotensive diterpene from Coleus forskohlii.|published=1981-Jan|authors=Dubey MP, Srimal RC, Nityanand S, Dhawan BN|journal=J Ethnopharmacol|][reference|url=https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.40.2.129.5842|title=Pharmacognostic evaluation of Coleus forskohlii|authors=Srivastava et al.|journal=Pharm Biol|published=2008-9] Forskolin, the main bioactive compound in Coleus forskohlii, has been investigated as a potential treatment for asthma, glaucoma, and high blood pressure, as well as a fat burner and testosterone booster.[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16749416|title=Forskolin versus sodium cromoglycate for prevention of asthma attacks: a single-blinded clinical trial|published=Mar-Apr 2006|authors=R González-Sánchez, X Trujillo, B Trujillo-Hernández, C Vásquez, M Huerta, A Elizalde|journal=J Int Med Res|][reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26155078|title=Efficacy and safety of 1% forskolin eye drops in open angle glaucoma - An open label study.|published=2015|authors=Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Natarajan S, Vaidyanathan P, Karri SK, Jose JA|journal=Saudi J Ophthalmol|][reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22131759|title=Clinical efficacy of Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq. (Makandi) in hypertension of geriatric population|published=2011 Jan|authors=Madhavi Jagtap, H M Chandola, B Ravishankar|journal=Ayu|][reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16129715|title=Body composition and hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption in overweight and obese men|published=2005 Aug|authors=Godard MP, Johnson BA, Richmond SR|journal=Obes Res|][reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2894247|title=Regional fat loss from the thigh in obese women after adrenergic modulation|published=1987|authors=F L Greenway, G A Bray|journal=Clin Ther|]

The handful of available <a href="/glossary/randomized-controlled-trial/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Randomized controlled trial&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for determining whether an intervention actually causes any effects. The use of randomization and control groups helps eliminate the effects of factors other than the treatment being studied.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">randomized controlled trials</a> exploring the effects of Coleus forskohlii on body weight and <a href="/conditions/body-composition/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Body Composition&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Body composition refers to the relative percentage of fat, muscle, and bone in someone’s body. Body composition is sometimes reported as fat and fat-free mass.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">body composition</a> have reported mixed results.
One trial found no effect of supplementation with 500 mg of Coleus forskohlii extract (containing 10% forskolin, the main bioactive compound in Coleus forskohlii) daily for a period of 12 weeks on body weight or body composition in women with <a href="/conditions/overweight/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Overweight&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Overweight is characterized as having a &lt;em&gt;body mass index&lt;/em&gt; bmi|(BMI) of 25 to 29.9. Having overweight is associated with increased risk of conditions such as cardiovascular disease. However, this may not be the case in people with increased lean mass (e.g., athletes or weight lifters).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">overweight</a>.[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18500958|title=Effects of coleus forskohlii supplementation on body composition and hematological profiles in mildly overweight women|published=2005 Dec 9|authors=Henderson S, Magu B, Rasmussen C, Lancaster S, Kerksick C, Smith P, Melton C, Cowan P, Greenwood M, Earnest C, Almada A, Milnor P, Magrans T, Bowden R, Ounpraseuth S, Thomas A, Kreider RB|journal=J Int Soc Sports Nutr|] On the other hand, a 12-week trial conducted in men with overweight/<a href="/conditions/obesity/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Obesity&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Obesity is a condition of excessive body fat that increases the risk for other conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. Fat is how the body stores extra calories that were eaten but not used. Obesity treatment usually involves restricting the calories eaten or creating negative calorie balance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">obesity</a> found that the same supplementation protocol resulted in large reductions in fat mass (−4.5 kg) and body fat percentage (−4%).[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16129715|title=Body composition and hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption in overweight and obese men|published=2005 Aug|authors=Godard MP, Johnson BA, Richmond SR|journal=Obes Res|] Finally, the most recent trial examined the effects of the aforementioned supplementation protocol over a period of 12 weeks in adults (24 women; 6 men) with overweight/obesity and found no effects on body weight or body composition.[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26593941|title=Coleus forskohlii Extract Supplementation in Conjunction with a Hypocaloric Diet Reduces the Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial|published=2015 Nov 17|authors=Hayley L Loftus, Katie J Astell, Michael L Mathai, Xiao Q Su|journal=Nutrients|]
Whereas the trials above explored the effects of Coleus forskohlii taken orally, one 1987 trial looked at the effects of the topical application of forskolin.[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2894247|title=Regional fat loss from the thigh in obese women after adrenergic modulation|published=1987|authors=F L Greenway, G A Bray|journal=Clin Ther|] In this trial, 4 women who were on a very-low-calorie diet applied a forskolin-containing cream on one of their thighs, with the opposite thigh treated with a placebo cream daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the trial period, there was a 1-cm greater reduction in thigh circumference in the forskolin group than in the placebo group.
Taken together, the findings above suggest either no effects of oral supplementation with Coleus forskohlii on body weight and body composition or gender-specific effects, with potential improvements in men with overweight/obesity but not in women with overweight/obesity. The findings also suggest that the topical application of forskolin may promote regional fat loss. That said, much more research is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.

There is currently not enough research to say whether Coleus forskohlii affects testosterone.
Specifically, only one trial has looked at the effects of supplementation with Coleus forskohlii on testosterone levels.[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16129715|title=Body composition and hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption in overweight and obese men|published=2005 Aug|authors=Godard MP, Johnson BA, Richmond SR|journal=Obes Res|] In this trial, 30 men with <a href="/conditions/overweight/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Overweight&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Overweight is characterized as having a &lt;em&gt;body mass index&lt;/em&gt; bmi|(BMI) of 25 to 29.9. Having overweight is associated with increased risk of conditions such as cardiovascular disease. However, this may not be the case in people with increased lean mass (e.g., athletes or weight lifters).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">overweight</a>/<a href="/conditions/obesity/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Obesity&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Obesity is a condition of excessive body fat that increases the risk for other conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. Fat is how the body stores extra calories that were eaten but not used. Obesity treatment usually involves restricting the calories eaten or creating negative calorie balance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">obesity</a> and normal testosterone levels took 500 mg of Coleus forskohlii extract (containing 10% forskolin) daily for a period of 12 weeks. At the end of the trial, the levels of free testosterone increased in the Coleus forskohlii group by 3.5% and decreased in the placebo group by 4.1%, with the difference between groups reaching statistical significance. No effect of supplementation with Coleus forskohlii extract was observed on the levels of total testosterone.

The application of eye drops containing 0.3–1% of forskolin (the main bioactive compound in Coleus forskohlii) may cause small reductions in intraocular pressure, suggesting potential therapeutic effects of forskolin in eye disorders involving ocular hypertension, such as <a href="/conditions/glaucoma/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Glaucoma&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions, the common feature of which is characteristic damage of the optic nerve which transmits light signals to the brain. Left untreated, glaucoma can cause irreversible vision loss. Currently, the only established modifiable risk factor for glaucoma is elevated pressure inside the eye.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">glaucoma</a>.[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3554560|title=The effects of forskolin eye drops on intra-ocular pressure|published=1987 May 2|authors=Meyer BH, Stulting AA, Müller FO, Luus HG, Badian M|journal=S Afr Med J|][reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6543235|title=Effect of forskolin eyedrops on intraocular pressure in healthy males|published=1984 Dec|authors=Badian M, Dabrowski J, Grigoleit HG, Lieb W, Lindner E, Rupp W|journal=Klin Monbl Augenheilkd|] Although trials administering forskolin orally in participants with glaucoma have also noted reductions in intraocular pressure, the findings were <a href="/glossary/confounder/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Confounder&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;A confounder is a factor — either observed or unobserved — which affects the relationship between two variables being studied. Not accounting for the potential effect of a confounder may lead to incorrect conclusions about the relationship between the variables.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">confounded</a> by simultaneous supplementation with rutin and vitamins vitamin B1 and vitamin B2.[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20589347|title=Oral administration of an association of forskolin, rutin and vitamins B1 and B2 potentiates the hypotonising effects of pharmacological treatments in POAG patients|published=2010|authors=Pescosolido N, Librando A|journal=Clin Ter|][reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22731245|title=Oral administration of forskolin and rutin contributes to intraocular pressure control in primary open angle glaucoma patients under maximum tolerated medical therapy.|published=2012-Oct|authors=Vetrugno M, Uva MG, Russo V, Iester M, Ciancaglini M, Brusini P, Centofanti M, Rossetti LM|journal=J Ocul Pharmacol Ther|]
Limited preliminary clinical research suggests that supplementation with Coleus forskohlii extract or forskolin may reduce the number of <a href="/conditions/asthma/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Asthma&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Asthma is a lung condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which results in episodes of wheezing and breathlessness. Asthma can be worsened by environmental exposures, such as allergens, cold air, exercise, viral/bacterial infections, and some drugs. Diet and supplementation may alleviate asthma by way of reducing inflammation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">asthma</a> attacks in children,[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16749416|title=Forskolin versus sodium cromoglycate for prevention of asthma attacks: a single-blinded clinical trial|published=Mar-Apr 2006|authors=R González-Sánchez, X Trujillo, B Trujillo-Hernández, C Vásquez, M Huerta, A Elizalde|journal=J Int Med Res|] protect against methacholine-induced airway restriction in healthy adults,[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3551340|title=Protective effect of forskolin in acetylcholine provocation in healthy probands. Comparison of 2 doses with fenoterol and placebo|published=1986 Dec 31|authors=Kaik G, Witte PU|journal=Wien Med Wochenschr|] increase testosterone levels and <a href="/outcomes/bone-mineral-density/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Bone Mineral Density&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bone mineral density (BMD) is the density of mineral in bone tissue (more mass in the same area causing an increase in density), and is thought to reflect structural integrity of bones. Improving BMD reduces the risk of osteoporosis and falls in the elderly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">bone mineral density</a> (BMD) in men with <a href="/conditions/overweight/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Overweight&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Overweight is characterized as having a &lt;em&gt;body mass index&lt;/em&gt; bmi|(BMI) of 25 to 29.9. Having overweight is associated with increased risk of conditions such as cardiovascular disease. However, this may not be the case in people with increased lean mass (e.g., athletes or weight lifters).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">overweight</a>/<a href="/conditions/obesity/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Obesity&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Obesity is a condition of excessive body fat that increases the risk for other conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. Fat is how the body stores extra calories that were eaten but not used. Obesity treatment usually involves restricting the calories eaten or creating negative calorie balance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">obesity</a>,[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16129715|title=Body composition and hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption in overweight and obese men|published=2005 Aug|authors=Godard MP, Johnson BA, Richmond SR|journal=Obes Res|] and reduce <a href="/outcomes/blood-pressure/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Blood Pressure&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts on blood vessels as it circulates. &lt;em&gt;High&lt;/em&gt; blood pressure (&lt;em&gt;hyper&lt;/em&gt;tension) and &lt;em&gt;low&lt;/em&gt; blood pressure (&lt;em&gt;hypo&lt;/em&gt;tension) can each lead to a variety of health issues.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">blood pressure</a> and improve <a href="/conditions/body-composition/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Body Composition&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Body composition refers to the relative percentage of fat, muscle, and bone in someone’s body. Body composition is sometimes reported as fat and fat-free mass.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">body composition</a> and/or <a href="/conditions/metabolic-health/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;Metabolic Health&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metabolic health is defined as having ideal levels of blood glucose (blood sugar), triglycerides, cholesterol, blood pressure, and waist circumference without the use of medications. Metabolic health can also include the ability to regulate inflammation in the body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">metabolic health</a> in older adults and in adults with overweight/obesity.[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22131759|title=Clinical efficacy of Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq. (Makandi) in hypertension of geriatric population|published=2011 Jan|authors=Madhavi Jagtap, H M Chandola, B Ravishankar|journal=Ayu|][reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16129715|title=Body composition and hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption in overweight and obese men|published=2005 Aug|authors=Godard MP, Johnson BA, Richmond SR|journal=Obes Res|][reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26593941|title=Coleus forskohlii Extract Supplementation in Conjunction with a Hypocaloric Diet Reduces the Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial|published=2015 Nov 17|authors=Hayley L Loftus, Katie J Astell, Michael L Mathai, Xiao Q Su|journal=Nutrients|] However, much more evidence is needed in these research areas before firm conclusions can be drawn.
Findings from some <a href="/glossary/in-vitro-study/" class="popover" data-tooltip="&lt;div&gt;&lt;h6&gt;In Vitro Study&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In vitro&lt;/em&gt; (Latin for “within the glass”) refers to studies that are performed outside of a living organism. In scientific research, this often involves performing experiments on bacterial, animal, or human cells growing in lab culture dishes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;">in vitro</a> and animal studies suggest that Coleus forskohlii may have anticancer,[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6686215|title=Forskolin: a potential antimetastatic agent.|published=1983-Dec-15|authors=Agarwal KC, Parks RE|journal=Int J Cancer|][reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17545604|title=Chemoresistant KM12C colon cancer cells are addicted to low cyclic AMP levels in a phosphodiesterase 4-regulated compartment via effects on phosphoinositide 3-kinase.|published=2007-Jun-01|authors=McEwan DG, Brunton VG, Baillie GS, Leslie NR, Houslay MD, Frame MC|journal=Cancer Res|][reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18213449|title=Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a drugable tumor suppressor in Ph1(+) leukemias.|published=2008-Jun|authors=Perrotti D, Neviani P|journal=Cancer Metastasis Rev|] antifibrotic,[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27590029|title=Forskolin, a hedgehog signalling inhibitor, attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats.|published=2016-Nov|authors=El-Agroudy NN, El-Naga RN, El-Razeq RA, El-Demerdash E|journal=Br J Pharmacol|] thyroid-stimulating,[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6327383|title=Forskolin stimulation of thyroid secretion of T4 and T3.|published=1984-May-21|authors=Laurberg P|journal=FEBS Lett|] and anti-inflammatory[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30520122|title=Extracts of Coleus forskohlii relieves cough and asthma symptoms via modulating inflammation and the extracellular matrix.|published=2019-Jun|authors=Ma C, Zou L, Xia Y, Tu Y, Xue D, Yang Y, Liu D, Liu Y, Wu H, Dan H, You P|journal=J Cell Biochem|] properties. However, human trials exploring these potential effects are lacking.

Although supplementation with Coleus forskohlii extract or forskolin is generally considered to be safe and well tolerated at recommended doses, it has been associated with side effects relating mainly to gastrointestinal disturbances (primarily diarrhea).[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30999632|title=Nationwide Online Survey Enables the Reevaluation of the Safety of Coleus forskohlii Extract Intake Based on the Adverse Event Frequencies|published=2019 Apr 17|authors=Chiharu Nishijima, Tsuyoshi Chiba, Yoko Sato, Keizo Umegaki|journal=Nutrients|][reference|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmu.2015.01.001|title=Safety of a Coleus forskohlii formulation in healthy volunteers|authors=Kamohara et al|journal=Pers Med Universe|published=2015-7]
Because supplementation with Coleus forskohlii extract or forskolin has been noted to reduce blood pressure, increase stomach acid levels, and inhibit platelet aggregation, its use may be contraindicated for some individuals.[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16597194|title=Coleus forskohlii. Monograph.|published=2006-Mar|authors=|journal=Altern Med Rev|]

The primary mechanism through which forskolin (the main bioactive compound in Coleus forskohlii) exerts its effects is by activating almost all (8 out of 9) isoforms of the enzyme adenylyl cyclase,[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12783579|title=Isoform-specific regulation of adenylyl cyclase: a potential target in future pharmacotherapy.|published=2003-Jun|authors=Iwatsubo K, Tsunematsu T, Ishikawa Y|journal=Expert Opin Ther Targets|] which, in turn, increases the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) within cells.[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6278005|title=Forskolin: a unique diterpene activator of cyclic AMP-generating systems.|published=1981|authors=Seamon KB, Daly JW|journal=J Cyclic Nucleotide Res|] This increase in cAMP levels results in the subsequent modulation of various cellular processes through the activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and other proteins or enzymes, which, in turn, affect a wide range of physiological processes, including metabolism, hormone secretion, muscle contraction, and neurotransmission.[reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22393824|title=Forskolin and derivatives as tools for studying the role of cAMP.|published=2012-Jan|authors=Alasbahi RH, Melzig MF|journal=Pharmazie|][reference|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30571052|title=Biochemistry, cAMP|published=2024-01|authors=Patra C, Foster K, Corley JE, Dimri M, Brady MF|journal=StatPearls|]

Coleus forskohlii

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