Bushman's hat Research Analysis

Kamal Patel

Bushman's hat

•Last Updated: September 28 2022

Hoodia gordonii is a small shrub (falsely said to be a cactus) that is claimed to suppress appetite. It seems the main bioactive (P57) cannot easily reach the brain to do this, and aside from failures of hoodia to suppress the appetite it may also be mildly toxic and imprudent to supplement.

Dosage

Examine Database

Bushman's hat is most often used for

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Kamal Patel, MPH, MBA

Last Updated: September 28 2022

summary
Dosage information
Examine Database
Research breakdown
References

Summary

Hoodia gordonii is a small plant that is used as a famine food (to suppress appetite and thirst, to make suffering a famine a bit more bearable) and due to that is sought after for possible appetite suppressive effects. The first introduction of Hoodia to the first world (Europe and North America) was based on preliminary studies associated with the company producing Hoodia, and the lone independent study on Hoodia has noted that active dose recommended for a supplement not only failed to reduce appetite but was also associated with some mild and irregular toxic effects that need to be further investigated.

This plant appears to be a source of a large amount (well over 30) steroidal glycosides, and only one is said to be the activ ingredient (P57) yet most of the steroidal glycosides have no research on them. Due to this, the possible toxic effects in humans (confirmed in mice), and both the inefficacy on reducing appetite while having no other apparent marketable effects Hoodia gordonii does not appear to hold any promise for a dietary supplement.

What else is Bushman's hat known as?

Note that Bushman's hat is also known as:

Hoodia
Veldkos
Slimming Cactus
Trichocaulon Gordonii
Stapelia Gordonii
Hoodia Gordonii

Bushman's hat should not be confused with:

Garcinia Cambogia (another ineffective appetite suppressant)

Dosage information

Recommended doses of Hoodia Gorgonii tend to be around one gram of an extract of 70% steroidal glycosides or more, taken twice a day with each dose about an hour before a meal.

There is no evidence to suggest an optimal dose nor to support the above as being active, and the toxic dose in mice (as well as preliminary human evidence) is the exact same as the supplemental dose.

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References

1.^Lee RA, Balick MJIndigenous use of Hoodia gordonii and appetite suppressionExplore (NY).(2007 Jul-Aug)

2.^van Heerden FRHoodia gordonii: a natural appetite suppressantJ Ethnopharmacol.(2008 Oct 28)

3.^van Heerden FR, Marthinus Horak R, Maharaj VJ, Vleggaar R, Senabe JV, Gunning PJAn appetite suppressant from Hoodia speciesPhytochemistry.(2007 Oct)

4.^Pharmaceutical compositions having appetite suppressant activity.()

5.^Zhao J, Avula B, Joshi VC, Techen N, Wang YH, Smillie TJ, Khan IANMR fingerprinting for analysis of hoodia species and hoodia dietary productsPlanta Med.(2011 May)

6.^Gathier G, van der Niet T, Peelen T, van Vugt RR, Eurlings MC, Gravendeel BForensic Identification of CITES Protected Slimming Cactus (Hoodia) Using DNA BarcodingJ Forensic Sci.(2013 Jul 18)

7.^Geoffroy P, Ressault B, Marchioni E, Miesch MSynthesis of Hoodigogenin A, aglycone of natural appetite suppressant glycosteroids extracted from Hoodia gordoniiSteroids.(2011 Jun)

8.^Zhang J, Shi H, Ma Y, Yu BExpeditious synthesis of saponin P57, an appetite suppressant from Hoodia plantsChem Commun (Camb).(2012 Sep 7)

9.^A rapid spectroscopic method for quantification of P57 in Hoodia gordonii raw material.()

10.^Dall'Acqua S, Innocenti GSteroidal glycosides from Hoodia gordoniiSteroids.(2007 Jun)

11.^Pawar RS, Shukla YJ, Khan SI, Avula B, Khan IANew oxypregnane glycosides from appetite suppressant herbal supplement Hoodia gordoniiSteroids.(2007 Jun)

12.^Shukla YJ, Fronczek FR, Pawar RS, Khan IAHoodigogenin A from Hoodia gordoniiActa Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online.(2008 Jul 31)

13.^Janssen HG, Swindells C, Gunning P, Wang W, Grün C, Mahabir K, Maharaj VJ, Apps PJQuantification of appetite suppressing steroid glycosides from Hoodia gordonii in dried plant material, purified extracts and food products using HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS methodsAnal Chim Acta.(2008 Jun 9)

14.^Shukla YJ, Pawar RS, Ding Y, Li XC, Ferreira D, Khan IAPregnane glycosides from Hoodia gordoniiPhytochemistry.(2009 Mar)

15.^Pawar RS, Shukla YJ, Khan IANew calogenin glycosides from Hoodia gordoniiSteroids.(2007 Nov)

16.^Orostanal, a novel abeo-sterol inducing apoptosis in leukemia cell from a marine sponge, Stelletta hiwasaensis.()

17.^Scott AD, Orsi A, Ward C, Bradford RGenotoxicity testing of a Hoodia gordonii extractFood Chem Toxicol.(2012 Jan)

18.^Russell PJ, Swindells CChemical characterisation of Hoodia gordonii extractFood Chem Toxicol.(2012 Jan)

19.^Le Nevé B, Foltz M, Daniel H, Gouka RThe steroid glycoside H.g.-12 from Hoodia gordonii activates the human bitter receptor TAS2R14 and induces CCK release from HuTu-80 cellsAm J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol.(2010 Dec)

20.^Dotson CD, Zhang L, Xu H, Shin YK, Vigues S, Ott SH, Elson AE, Choi HJ, Shaw H, Egan JM, Mitchell BD, Li X, Steinle NI, Munger SDBitter taste receptors influence glucose homeostasisPLoS One.(2008)

21.^Chen MC, Wu SV, Reeve JR Jr, Rozengurt EBitter stimuli induce Ca2+ signaling and CCK release in enteroendocrine STC-1 cells: role of L-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channelsAm J Physiol Cell Physiol.(2006 Oct)

22.^Madgula VL, Avula B, Pawar RS, Shukla YJ, Khan IA, Walker LA, Khan SIIn vitro metabolic stability and intestinal transport of P57AS3 (P57) from Hoodia gordonii and its interaction with drug metabolizing enzymesPlanta Med.(2008 Aug)

23.^Greenfield SP, Fera MThe use of intravesical oxybutynin chloride in children with neurogenic bladderJ Urol.(1991 Aug)

24.^Vermaak I, Viljoen AM, Chen W, Hamman JHIn vitro transport of the steroidal glycoside P57 from Hoodia gordonii across excised porcine intestinal and buccal tissuePhytomedicine.(2011 Jun 15)

25.^Madgula VL, Avula B, Pawar RS, Shukla YJ, Khan IA, Walker LA, Khan SICharacterization of in vitro pharmacokinetic properties of hoodigogenin A from Hoodia gordoniiPlanta Med.(2010 Jan)

26.^Absolute bioavailability of a Hoodia gordonii steroid glycoside from different physicochemical formats in the pig.()

27.^Madgula VL, Ashfaq MK, Wang YH, Avula B, Khan IA, Walker LA, Khan SIBioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution of the oxypregnane steroidal glycoside P57AS3 (P57) from Hoodia gordonii in mouse modelPlanta Med.(2010 Oct)

28.^Blom WA, Abrahamse SL, Bradford R, Duchateau GS, Theis W, Orsi A, Ward CL, Mela DJEffects of 15-d repeated consumption of Hoodia gordonii purified extract on safety, ad libitum energy intake, and body weight in healthy, overweight women: a randomized controlled trialAm J Clin Nutr.(2011 Nov)

29.^MacLean DB, Luo LGIncreased ATP content/production in the hypothalamus may be a signal for energy-sensing of satiety: studies of the anorectic mechanism of a plant steroidal glycosideBrain Res.(2004 Sep 10)

30.^Whelan AM, Jurgens TM, Szeto VCase report. Efficacy of Hoodia for weight loss: is there evidence to support the efficacy claimsJ Clin Pharm Ther.(2010 Oct)

31.^Komarnytsky S, Esposito D, Poulev A, Raskin IPregnane glycosides interfere with steroidogenic enzymes to down-regulate corticosteroid production in human adrenocortical H295R cellsJ Cell Physiol.(2013 May)

32.^Dent MP, Wolterbeek AP, Russell PJ, Bradford RSafety profile of Hoodia gordonii extract: rabbit prenatal developmental toxicity studyFood Chem Toxicol.(2012 Jan)