What are the known traditional, historical, and cultural uses of ashwagandha?
Withania somnifera (of the family Solanaceae) is a highly esteemed medicinal herb in Ayurveda and is most popularly known as ashwagandha, although other common names include the King of Ayurveda,[1][2] Indian ginseng (not related to Panax ginseng), and wintercherry.[3] The herb is classified as rasayana in Ayurvedic medicine, which suggests it has the ability to affect health, wellness, and vitality. It is also classified as bhalya (increases strength) and vajikara (aphrodisiac).[4] In modern terms, it is called an adaptogen for similar reasons.[5]
Beyond those uses, it has been traditionally used as an analgesic, astringent, antispasmodic, and immunostimulant while being used to treat inflammation, cancer, stress, fatigue, diabetes, and cardiovascular complications.[6][7] The adaptogenic properties of ashwagandha have been emphasized for treating people with stress-related insomnia, debility, and nervous exhaustion.[8] Ashwagandha has also been reported to have immunostimulant properties that may help to mitigate the negative effects of stress on the immune system.[8]