MelatoninsupplementMelatonin is a hormone secreted in the brain that regulates sleep. It appears to be highly sensitive to light therapy and dark therapy. Oral ingestion of melatonin may be used as a sleep aid. It is non-addictive.Plasma MelatoninoutcomePlasma melatonin refers to serum concentrations of melatonin, which are quite significantly spiked following consumption of melatonin supplementation. Other stimuli, such as dark therapy, may encourage production of melatonin and increase serum levels.Melatonin + magnesium for sleepstudy summaryIn this randomized crossover trial in participants with poor sleep quality, supplementing with a combination of melatonin and magnesium improved sleep quality metrics, compared with a placebo.Melatonin may reduce the frequency and duration of migraine attacksstudy summaryIn this randomized controlled trial, taking a melatonin supplement nightly reduced the frequency and duration of migraine attacks in adults with episodic migraine.Melatonin for sleep in children with cerebral palsystudy summaryIn this randomized controlled trial, supplementation with melatonin improved sleep outcomes among children with cerebral palsy.Melatonin for cancer-related fatigue during chemotherapystudy summaryIn this randomized controlled trial among women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer, nightly supplementation with melatonin, compared to a placebo, did not reduce fatigue or improve well-being to a statistically significant degree.Melatonin supplementation and Parkinson’s diseasestudy summaryIn this meta-analysis in participants with Parkinson’s disease, supplemental melatonin did not improve sleep or reduce symptom severity, although favorable outcomes were observed in some subgroup analyses.Melatonin improves sleep quality but not insulin sensitivity among night shift workersstudy summaryIn this randomized controlled trial, supplementation with melatonin improved sleep quality among night shift workers but did not reduce insulin resistance.Melatonin for pulmonary rehabilitation in COPDstudy summaryIn this randomized controlled trial, supplementation with melatonin improved several clinical outcomes in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation.Melatonin and sleep in children with epilepsystudy summaryIn this observational study, melatonin use in children with epilepsy was associated with improvements in sleep and electroencephalogram outcomes, but not with reductions in seizure frequency. However, this evidence should be considered as preliminary.Does supplementation with melatonin, zinc, and vitamins improve COVID-19 recovery?study summaryIn this randomized controlled trial, supplementing with a multivitamin, zinc, and melatonin expedited recovery in participants with COVID-19 or a COVID-like illness.Melatonin for irritable bowel syndrome and sleepstudy summaryIn this randomized controlled trial, supplemental melatonin improved IBS symptoms and improved sleep parameters in participants with sleep disorders.Melatonin may be useful in the treatment of rheumatic diseasesstudy summaryThis systematic review reported that supplementation with melatonin may improve some clinical outcomes in women with osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, or osteopenia/osteoporosis. However, these conclusions were based on a few small-scale trials, some of which were nonrandomized or uncontrolled trials.Melatonin for sleep and mood during androgen deprivation therapystudy summaryIn this randomized controlled trial, supplementation with melatonin (compared to placebo) improved sleep quality and reduced daytime dysfunction among men who were undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for treatment of prostate cancer.Melatonin for sleep quality in breast cancerstudy summaryIn this meta-analysis, supplementation with melatonin was associated with improved sleep quality among participants who were undergoing breast cancer treatment.Melatonin in individuals with COVID-19-induced pneumoniastudy summaryIn this randomized controlled trial, supplementation with melatonin improved the clinical status of participants with COVID-19-induced pneumonia who were admitted to the intensive care unit.Melatonin for the treatment of COVID-19?study summaryIn this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, supplementation with melatonin improved clinical outcomes in participants with COVID-19. However, the findings were based on trials of poor methodological quality.Melatonin may be helpful for people with IBSstudy summaryThis meta-analysis of randomized trials found that melatonin reduced symptom severity and improved quality of life in participants with irritable bowel syndrome.Melatonin supplementation for dysmenorrheastudy summaryThis randomized controlled trial found that supplementation with melatonin decreased pain due to menstruation (dysmenorrhea), but this finding was not considered clinically significant, meaning that the effect of melatonin alone may be too small to be noticeable.Melatonin supplementation in ulcerative colitisstudy summaryMelatonin appeared to reduce fecal levels of calprotectin (an indicator of intestinal inflammation) and disease activity in people with ulcerative colitis, although there were concerns with the data.