N-Phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester
N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester (brand name: Noopept), a Nootropic molecule similar to Piracetam that may alleviate cognitive decline.
N-Phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester is most often used for
Last Updated:July 22, 2023
N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester, or Noopept, is a synthetic pharmaceutical designed by a Russian pharmaceutical company. It is sometimes called a nootropic, based on preliminary evidence that it has neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing properties.[1][2][3] Noopept was designed using the structure of piracetam, another nootropic, as a starting point.[4]
Noopept may be beneficial for brain health, but this claim is based almost exclusively on studies in which Noopept was administered (often via injection) to rodents with brain damage caused by toxin injection, oxygen deprivation, and other methods.[5][6][7][8][ One of the only controlled trials involving humans found that Noopept supplementation improved cognitive function in a small group of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) resulting from a stroke.[9] These findings have not yet been independently replicated.
Sleep disturbances, irritability, and increases in blood pressure have been reported in people taking Noopept.[10][9] It should be stressed that there is not much research evaluating the safety of Noopept.
Given its similarities to other nootropics like piracetam and ampakines, Noopept may also cause dizziness, headaches, gastrointestinal symptoms, and impairments in memory, although these effects are speculative.[11]
Noopept’s mechanism of action is uncertain, but several possibilities have been proposed. In particular, it may increase levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that helps establish neural connections and neurotransmission in the brain.[12] Noopept may also activate or modulate neurotransmitter receptors involved in learning and cognitive function, including certain glutamatergic and cholinergic receptors.[13][14][3]
- Noopeptide
- Ноопепт
- GVS-111
- Noopept
- Piracetam (Basic racetam
- but different molecule)
To supplement Noopept, take 10 – 30 mg, once a day, for up to 56 days at a time. More research is needed to determine the optimal human dose for Noopept.
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- ^Ostrovskaia RU, Gudasheva TA, Voronina TA, Seredenin SBThe original novel nootropic and neuroprotective agent noopept.Eksp Klin Farmakol.(2002)
- ^Ostrovskaya RU, Vakhitova YV, Kuzmina USh, Salimgareeva MKh, Zainullina LF, Gudasheva TA, Vakhitov VA, Seredenin SBNeuroprotective effect of novel cognitive enhancer noopept on AD-related cellular model involves the attenuation of apoptosis and tau hyperphosphorylation.J Biomed Sci.(2014-Aug-06)
- ^Vakhitova YV, Sadovnikov SV, Borisevich SS, Ostrovskaya RU, A Gudasheva T, Seredenin SBMolecular Mechanism Underlying the Action of Substituted Pro-Gly Dipeptide Noopept.Acta Naturae.(2016)
- ^Gudasheva TA, Skoldinov APDesign of the novel dipeptide neuropsychotropic drug preparations.Eksp Klin Farmakol.(2003)
- ^Zarubina IV, Shabanov PDNoopept reduces the postischemic functional and metabolic disorders in the brain of rats with different sensitivity to hypoxia.Bull Exp Biol Med.(2009-Mar)
- ^S A Gavrilova, K S Us, R U Ostrovskaia, V B KoshelevNeuroprotective activity of the proline-containing dipeptide noopept on the model of brain ischemia induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusionEksp Klin Farmakol.(2006 Jul-Aug)
- ^Ostrovskaya RU, Gruden MA, Bobkova NA, Sewell RD, Gudasheva TA, Samokhin AN, Seredinin SB, Noppe W, Sherstnev VV, Morozova-Roche LAThe nootropic and neuroprotective proline-containing dipeptide noopept restores spatial memory and increases immunoreactivity to amyloid in an Alzheimer's disease model.J Psychopharmacol.(2007-Aug)
- ^Ostrovskaya RU, Yagubova SS, Zhanataev AK, Anisina EA, Gudasheva TA, Durnev ADNeuroprotective Dipeptide Noopept Prevents DNA Damage in Mice with Modeled Prediabetes.Bull Exp Biol Med.(2019-Dec)
- ^Amelin AV, Iliukhina AIu, Shmonin AANoopept in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment in patients with stroke.Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova.(2011)
- ^Neznamov GG, Teleshova ESA comparative study of noopept and piracetam in the treatment of mild and moderate cognitive impairment in patients with organic brain diseases of vascular and traumatic origin.Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova.(2008)
- ^Talih F, Ajaltouni JProbable Nootropicinduced Psychiatric Adverse Effects: A Series of Four Cases.Innov Clin Neurosci.(2015)
- ^R U Ostrovskaya, T A Gudasheva, A P Zaplina, Ju V Vahitova, M H Salimgareeva, R S Jamidanov, S B SeredeninNoopept stimulates the expression of NGF and BDNF in rat hippocampusBull Exp Biol Med.(2008 Sep)
- ^Kovalev GI, Vorob'ev VVThe role of non-NMDA glutamate receptors in the EEG effects of chronic administration of noopept GVS-111 in awake rats.Eksp Klin Farmakol.(2002)
- ^Belnik AP, Ostrovskaya RU, Poletaeva IIDipeptide preparation Noopept prevents scopolamine-induced deficit of spatial memory in BALB/c mice.Bull Exp Biol Med.(2007-Apr)
- Cerebral Trauma Rehabilitation - Neznamov GG, Teleshova ESComparative studies of Noopept and piracetam in the treatment of patients with mild cognitive disorders in organic brain diseases of vascular and traumatic originNeurosci Behav Physiol.(2009 Mar)