| Effect | Decrease |
| Values | (ng/ml). Mean + SE. Ketogenic: before 120.3 ± 8.9, after 100.7 ± 9.6. Control: before 116 ± 13.7, after 111 ± 13.4. |
| Trial Design | Randomized trial |
| Trial Length | 1-6 months |
| Number of Subjects | 73 |
| Sex | Female |
In a randomized, unblinded, controlled trial, 73 participants with ovarian or endometrial cancer were assigned to a ketogenic diet or a control diet for 12 weeks. The ketogenic diet was to be up to 5% of energy from carbohydrate, 25% from protein, and 70% from fat. The control diet was the ACS diet, and the goal was to increase fiber, antioxidants, sugars, and saturated fat. Participants were educated about the diets, and adherence was measured through urinary ketone testing.
80% of the participants in the ketogenic group tested positive for ketosis during the trial. The ketogenic diet led to significantly greater fat loss, visceral fat loss, and nonsignificantly greater lean mass loss. The ketogenic group saw a significantly greater reduction in insulin and c-peptide, and a nonsignificantly greater reduction in IGF-1 and fasting glucose.
