Prolactin

Frequently asked questions and answers related to Prolactin

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• Does ejaculation affect testosterone levels?

The Human Effect Matrix looks at human studies (excluding animal/petri-dish studies) to tell you what what supplements affect Prolactin

Level of Evidence	Supplement	Change	Magnitude of Effect Size	Scientific Consensus	Comments
C	Melatonin			100% See study	No significant influence on prolactin concentrations
C	Nicotine		Minor	100% See study	An increase in prolactin has been noted with nicotine ingestion
C	Maca			100% See 2 studies	No significant influence on prolactin levels
C	Velvet Antler			100% See study	No significant interactions with prolactin and velvet antler noted
C	Fenugreek			100% See study	No detectable interactions with fenugreek and prolactin levels
C	Mucuna Pruriens		Minor	100% See 2 studies	A decrease in prolactin appears to occur following Mucuna or L-DOPA ingestion
C	Panax Ginseng			100% See study	No significant influence on prolactin in men
D	Alcohol		Minor	100% See study	An increase in prolactin has been noted following acute ingestion of alcohol
D	Licorice			100% See study	Prolactin appears unaffected following licorice consumption
D	Phosphatidylserine			100% See study	No significant influence on exercise-induced prolactin

References

1. Krüger TH, Hartmann U, Schedlowski M. Prolactinergic and dopaminergic mechanisms underlying sexual arousal and orgasm in humans. World J Urol. (2005)
2. Passie T, et al. Ecstasy (MDMA) mimics the post-orgasmic state: impairment of sexual drive and function during acute MDMA-effects may be due to increased prolactin secretion. Med Hypotheses. (2005)
3. Exton MS, et al. Endocrine response to masturbation-induced orgasm in healthy men following a 3-week sexual abstinence. World J Urol. (2001)
4. Jiang M, et al. A research on the relationship between ejaculation and serum testosterone level in men. J Zhejiang Univ Sci. (2003)
5. Krüger T, et al. Neuroendocrine and cardiovascular response to sexual arousal and orgasm in men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. (1998)
6. Krüger TH, et al. Specificity of the neuroendocrine response to orgasm during sexual arousal in men. J Endocrinol. (2003)
7. Krüger TH, et al. Effects of acute prolactin manipulation on sexual drive and function in males. J Endocrinol. (2003)
8. Krüger TH, et al. Orgasm-induced prolactin secretion: feedback control of sexual drive. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. (2002)
9. Stahl SM. The psychopharmacology of sex, Part 1: Neurotransmitters and the 3 phases of the human sexual response. J Clin Psychiatry. (2001)
10. Motofei IG, Rowland DL. Neurophysiology of the ejaculatory process: developing perspectives. BJU Int. (2005)
11. Pharmacotherapy for Premature Ejaculation
12. Assessment of erectogenic properties of apomorphine and yohimbine in man
13. McMahon CG. Treatment of premature ejaculation with sertraline hydrochloride: a single-blind placebo controlled crossover study. J Urol. (1998)
14. McMahon CG, Samali R. Pharmacological treatment of premature ejaculation. Curr Opin Urol. (1999)
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17. Schreiber S, et al. An open trial of plant-source derived phosphatydilserine for treatment of age-related cognitive decline. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. (2000)
18. Kato-Kataoka A, et al. Soybean-derived phosphatidylserine improves memory function of the elderly Japanese subjects with memory complaints. J Clin Biochem Nutr. (2010)
19. Manor I, et al. The effect of phosphatidylserine containing Omega3 fatty-acids on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, followed by an open-label extension. Eur Psychiatry. (2012)
20. Vakhapova V, et al. Phosphatidylserine containing omega-3 fatty acids may improve memory abilities in non-demented elderly with memory complaints: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. (2010)
21. Baumeister J, et al. Influence of phosphatidylserine on cognitive performance and cortical activity after induced stress. Nutr Neurosci. (2008)
22. Jorissen BL, et al. The influence of soy-derived phosphatidylserine on cognition in age-associated memory impairment. Nutr Neurosci. (2001)
23. Kingsley MI, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine on exercise capacity during cycling in active males. Med Sci Sports Exerc. (2006)
24. Kingsley MI, et al. Phosphatidylserine supplementation and recovery following downhill running. Med Sci Sports Exerc. (2006)
25. Engel RR, et al. Double-blind cross-over study of phosphatidylserine vs. placebo in patients with early dementia of the Alzheimer type. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. (1992)
26. Crook T, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacol Bull. (1992)
27. Monteleone P, et al. Blunting by chronic phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. (1992)

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