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General Oxidation

   

Table of Contents

    Summary (All Essential Benefits/Effects/Facts & Information)

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    Scientific Information on General Oxidation

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    Human Effect Matrix

    The Human Effect Matrix looks at human studies (excluding animal/petri-dish studies) to tell you what what supplements affect General Oxidation
    GradeLevel of Evidence
    ARobust research conducted with repeated double blind clinical trials
    BMultiple studies where at least two are double-blind and placebo controlled
    CSingle double blind study or multiple cohort studies
    DUncontrolled or observational studies only
    Level of Evidence
    		SupplementChange
    		Magnitude of Effect Size
    		Scientific ConsensusComments
    BCoenzyme Q10

    Minor

    Appears to generally reduce pro-oxidative biomarkers in the body

    BVitamin C

    Minor

    Surprisingly mixed influences on biomarkers of oxidation, with either a decrease or no significant influence the majority of the time (with limited evidence to hint at... show

    BAlpha-Lipoic Acid

    Minor

    Appears to reduce biomarkers of oxidation

    BCurcumin

    Minor

    Prooxidative biomarkers appear to be reduced following long term supplementation of curcumin

    CQuercetin

    Minor

    May reduce oxidative biomarkers in serum

    CPanax Ginseng

    Minor

    Oxidation in the body appears to be reduced, which is thought to be secondary to induction of antioxidant enzymes

    CGrape Seed Extract

    Minor

    A decrease in whole body oxidation appears to occur following ingestion of grape seed extract

    CSpirulina

    Notable

    Notable due to mechanisms, but requires studies with reference drugs and more biomarkers measured.

    COlive leaf extract

    Minor

    Is able to reduce oxidative parameters in the blood when they are measured.

    CResveratrol

    Minor

    A decrease in oxidative biomarkers has been noted following resveratrol supplementation

    CMethylsulfonylmethane

    Minor

    A reduction in oxidative biomarkers has been noted following MSM ingestion

    CGanoderma Lucidum

    No significant alterations in whole-body oxidation are apparent

    CJapanese Knotweed

    Minor

    Appears to reduce oxidative biomarkers, requires more evidence to gauge potency and reliability thereof

    CMelatonin

    Minor

    May decrease biomarkers of oxidation in serum

    CPycnogenol

    Minor

    A reduction in general oxidation is noted following prolonged Pycnogenol supplementation

    CFish Oil

    Minor

    May increase general oxidation in the body, but seems unreliable in doing so

    CArginine

    Minor

    A decrease in oxidation has been noted in persons with impaired glucose tolerance, thought to be associated with the increase in superoxide dismutase activity

    DGreen Tea Catechins

    Minor

    Can decrease oxidation in the body (assessed via oxidative biomarkers)

    DL-Carnitine

    Minor

    Reduction in general oxidation seems to be secondary to antioxidant enzyme induction

    DAronia Melanocarpa

    Notable

    Requires more evidence, but it appears to reduce oxidative parameters more than other supplements.

    DYerba Mate

    Minor

    A decrease in serum oxidative parameters tends to be noted following Mate consumption

    DHibiscus Sabdariffa

    Minor

    Appears to reduce oxidative biomarkers in the body, surprisingly not the potency one would expect from in vitro evidence

    DMelissa officinalis

    Minor

    A decrease in general oxidation occurs following lemon balm ingestion

    DPunicalagins

    Minor

    A decrease in general oxidation has been noted with punicalagins

    Scientific Support & Reference Citations

    References

    1. Wax B, et al. Acute L-arginine alpha ketoglutarate supplementation fails to improve muscular performance in resistance trained and untrained men. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. (2012)
    2. Collier SR, Casey DP, Kanaley JA. Growth hormone responses to varying doses of oral arginine. Growth Horm IGF Res. (2005)
    3. Bode-Böger SM, et al. L-arginine-induced vasodilation in healthy humans: pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship. Br J Clin Pharmacol. (1998)
    4. Marcell TJ, et al. Oral arginine does not stimulate basal or augment exercise-induced GH secretion in either young or old adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. (1999)
    5. Isidori A, Lo Monaco A, Cappa M. A study of growth hormone release in man after oral administration of amino acids. Curr Med Res Opin. (1981)
    6. Wilson AM, et al. L-arginine supplementation in peripheral arterial disease: no benefit and possible harm. Circulation. (2007)
    7. Böger RH, et al. Restoring vascular nitric oxide formation by L-arginine improves the symptoms of intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. (1998)
    8. Liu TH, et al. No effect of short-term arginine supplementation on nitric oxide production, metabolism and performance in intermittent exercise in athletes. J Nutr Biochem. (2009)
    9. Abel T, et al. Influence of chronic supplementation of arginine aspartate in endurance athletes on performance and substrate metabolism - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Sports Med. (2005)
    10. Fahs CA, Heffernan KS, Fernhall B. Hemodynamic and vascular response to resistance exercise with L-arginine. Med Sci Sports Exerc. (2009)
    11. Lucotti P, et al. Beneficial effects of a long-term oral L-arginine treatment added to a hypocaloric diet and exercise training program in obese, insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic patients. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. (2006)
    12. Jabłecka A, et al. The effect of oral L-arginine supplementation on fasting glucose, HbA1c, nitric oxide and total antioxidant status in diabetic patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease of lower extremities. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. (2012)
    13. Monti LD, et al. Effect of a long-term oral l-arginine supplementation on glucose metabolism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. (2012)
    14. Schwedhelm E, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. Br J Clin Pharmacol. (2008)
    15. Willoughby DS, et al. Effects of 7 days of arginine-alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation on blood flow, plasma L-arginine, nitric oxide metabolites, and asymmetric dimethyl arginine after resistance exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. (2011)

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