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Aerobic exercise

   

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    Summary (All Essential Benefits/Effects/Facts & Information)

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    Scientific Information on Aerobic exercise

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    Human Effect Matrix

    The Human Effect Matrix looks at human studies (excluding animal/petri-dish studies) to tell you what what supplements affect Aerobic exercise
    GradeLevel of Evidence
    ARobust research conducted with repeated double blind clinical trials
    BMultiple studies where at least two are double-blind and placebo controlled
    CSingle double blind study or multiple cohort studies
    DUncontrolled or observational studies only
    Level of Evidence
    		SupplementChange
    		Magnitude of Effect Size
    		Scientific ConsensusComments
    BCreatine

    Does not appear to confer any apparent benefit to prolonged cardiovascular exercise.

    BL-Carnitine

    More evidence than not suggest no significant influence on low intensity and high duration cardiovascular exercise

    BCaffeine

    Minor

    An increase in aerobic exercise capacity is noted with caffeine, possibly secondary to increased free fatty acids and adrenaline

    BBranched Chain Amino Acids

    Minor

    An increase in time to exhaustion appears to exist in prolonged endurance exercise, but this benefit may only exist in untrained or lightly trained individuals. Several... show

    BSodium Bicarbonate

    Minor

    For cardiovascular exercise that is prolonged in nature (45m or greater) and not exceeding the lactate threshold, there appears to be a small beneficial effect of sodium... show

    CPyruvate

    No significant influence on aerobic exercise performance

    CVitamin C

    No significant influence on aerobic exercise performance

    CNitrate

    Minor

    The performance enhancing aspect of nitrate supplementation in prolonged aerobic exercise is less than that seen in shorter duration cardiovascular exercise, and is only... show

    CCordyceps

    No significant improvements in prolonged aerobic exercise have been noted with cordyceps supplementation

    CVelvet Antler

    No benefit of velvet antler on aerobic cardiovascular exercise

    CKaempferia Parviflora

    No significant influence on aerobic exercise when taken acutely before exercise in youth

    CMagnesium

    Notable

    The one study to assess aerobic exercise capacity noted a significant improvement during extreme physical stress (triathletes), which is notable and needs replication

    CCitrulline

    No significant influence on a treadmill test to exhaustion nor oxygen kinetics during this test

    Scientific Support & Reference Citations

    References

    1. Sureda A, et al. L-citrulline-malate influence over branched chain amino acid utilization during exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. (2010)
    2. Thibault R, et al. Oral citrulline does not affect whole body protein metabolism in healthy human volunteers: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. Clin Nutr. (2011)
    3. Moinard C, et al. Dose-ranging effects of citrulline administration on plasma amino acids and hormonal patterns in healthy subjects: the Citrudose pharmacokinetic study. Br J Nutr. (2008)
    4. Bendahan D, et al. Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle. Br J Sports Med. (2002)
    5. Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. J Strength Cond Res. (2010)
    6. Cormio L, et al. Oral L-citrulline supplementation improves erection hardness in men with mild erectile dysfunction. Urology. (2011)
    7. Orozco-Gutiérrez JJ, et al. Effect of L-arginine or L-citrulline oral supplementation on blood pressure and right ventricular function in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction. Cardiol J. (2010)
    8. Hickner RC, et al. L-citrulline reduces time to exhaustion and insulin response to a graded exercise test. Med Sci Sports Exerc. (2006)
    9. Sureda A, et al. Effects of L-citrulline oral supplementation on polymorphonuclear neutrophils oxidative burst and nitric oxide production after exercise. Free Radic Res. (2009)
    10. Ochiai M, et al. Short-term effects of L-citrulline supplementation on arterial stiffness in middle-aged men. Int J Cardiol. (2012)
    11. Figueroa A, et al. Oral L-citrulline supplementation attenuates blood pressure response to cold pressor test in young men. Am J Hypertens. (2010)

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